Vital signs
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Normal values | specific to an individual, perform and record at periodic intervals over time |
| Infants (birth to 3 mos.) | Pulse 100-130; Resp. Rate 30-50; BP S:85-90 D:35-65 |
| Infants (3 mo. to 1yr) | BP S:90-100 D:60-67 |
| Adolescents | Pulse 80-100; BP S: 100-120 D:65-75 |
| Adult | Temp 96.8-99.5; Pulse 60-100; Resp. Rate 12-20; BP S:120 D: 80 |
| Older Adult | Temp 96.5-97.5; Pulse 60-100; Resp. Rate 15-22; BP S:120-140 D: 80-90 |
| Abnormalities in Body Temp | Pyrexia, hyperthermia, febrile state, and hypothermia |
| Clinical manifestations of hyperthermia: cardiovascular... | heart rate increases |
| clinical manifestations of hyperthermia: nervous... | febrile seizures in young children; low grade fevers-sleep, confused; high grade-delirium, coma |
| clinical manifestations of hyperthermia: respiratory... | hypoxia, respiratory alkalosis |
| clinical manifestations of hyperthermia: renal... | azotemia, rhabdomyolysis |
| clinical manifestations of hyperthermia: hematologic... | dehydration results in hemoconcentration |
| Clinical manifestation of hypothermia: cardiovascular.. | frostbite, lactic acidosis; first tachycardia(fast heartbeat) then bradycardia(slow heartbeat); BP drops; Asystole at temps below 82.4 |
| clinical manifestations of hypothermia: nervous... | vasoconstriction, shivering; reflexes disappear |
| clinical manifestations of hypothermia: respiratory... | initially increases but decreases as O2 consumption declines |
| clinical manifestations of hypothermia: renal... | cold induced diuresis |
| Factors that influence body temp | environ. age. activity. disease. infection. time of day. menstrual cycle. pregnancy |
| Pulse | the wave of blood in an artery created by contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle |
| Peripheral pulses | can be felt on the outer reaches of the body. |
| apical pulse | heartbeat at the apex of the heart and is heard with a stetchoscope |
| Parameters of pulse | rate, rhythm, volume |
| Rate | number of pulsations per minute tachycardia-over 100 bpm bradycardia-less 60 bpm |
| Rhythm | Pattern of pulsations and the intervals between them |
| Volume | the amount of force created by the ejected blood against the arterial wall during each ventricular contraction |
| Scale | 0 absent 1+ thready-easily obliterated with slight pressure 2+ weak-difficult to palpate, can be obliterated with light pressure 3+ normal 4+ bounding |
| Pulse oximetry | a measure of arterial blood oxygenation that is updated with each pusle wave |
| Arterial blood gases (ABG) | tool used to determine the effectiveness of alveolar ventilation expressed as PaO2 |
| Pulse oximetry norms. | 96-100% |
| hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | diminished supply of oxygen to the tissues |
| anoxia | complete lack of oxygen |
| Respiration | to supply the body with oxygen for the metabolic activity and to remove CO2 |
| External respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli of the lungs and blood |
| Internal respiration | exchange of O2 and CO2 between the circulating blood and body tissues |
| inspiration | initicated by contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles. normal insp. lasts 1-1.5 sec. |
| expiration | during relaxed breathing it is passive. lungs recoil. normal expir. lasts 2-3 sec. |
| Parameters of Resp. | Rate: 12-20 Depth: volume of air exchanged with each breath norm. 500mL of air Rhythm:regular or irregular Sound:deviations from quiet, normal breathing |
| Eupnea | normal breathing of 12-20 times/min |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| orthopenia | difficult or labored breathing when laying down that is relieved by moving to sitting or standing |
| Tachypnea | greater than 24 bpm |
| bradypnea | less than 10 bpm |
| blood pressure | the force the blood exerts against the vessel wall; pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins. |
| PreHTN: | 120-139/80-89 |
| Stage 1: | 140-159/90-99 |
| Stage 2: | 160-179/100-109 |
| Stage 3: | 180-209/110-119 |
| Stage 4: | >210/>120 |
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