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Marbury V Madison This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review McCullough V Maryland In establishing a national bank, Congress was legally exercising its enumerated powers not sepcifically mentioned in the Constitution. Cohen V Virginia Established the authority of the court to review state criminal cases on appeal Gibbons V Ogden Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government Dred Scott 1857 Outlawed Missouri Compromise. Denial of slavery was a 5th amendment property violation. Blacks were NOT citizens Plessy V Ferguson 1896 Seperate but equal facilities based upon race is constitutional Schenk v. U.S. 1919 Congress has the right to prohibit speech that causes a "clear and present danger" West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) Students in public schools may not be compelled to recite the Pledge of Allegiance Korematsu v. U.S. The court ruled that the ordering of Japanese=Americans into internment camps was constitutional Brown V Board 1954 Segregation in SCHOOLS is a violation of the 14th amendment Mapp V Ohio Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) Engle V Vitale Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause Gideon V Wainright 1963 If a defendant cannot afford an attorney the state must provide one Griswold V Connecticut Established that there is an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution Miranda V Arizona The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police Tinker Though they can be restricted, "students do not leave their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door" Lemon V Kurtzman Law must be clearly secular, not prohibiting or inhibiting religion, and there should be no excessive entanglement Roe V Wade 1973 Abortion rights fall within the privacy implied in the 14th amendment U.S. V Nixon "Executive privilege" is not unlimited Gregg V Georgia 1976 Death penalty is not "cruel and unusual punishment" in cases of murder Regents of California V Bakke Race can not be the only factor in college admissions, there can be no quotas. South Dakota V Dole Federal government allowed to use spending power to influence state policy for the public wefare (drinking age went up in the states in order to get federal funding) Texas V Johnson 1984 Flag burning is protected speech Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) States can place restrictions on abortions (viability tests, no use of public facilities for abortions, no counseling to have abortions) Clinton V Jones A sitting president is not immune to civil litigation except in extraordinary circumstances Reno V ACLU 1996 Federal law designed to prohibit "indecency" on the internet was unconstitutional Clinton V New York City 1997 Ruled that the law granting the president the line item-veto was unconstitutional Bush V Gore 2001 Hand-counting in Florida was a violation of Equal Protection clause, made George W. Bush the winner of the 2000 election Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) Race can be used as a factor for admission into a public law school as long as the policy is "narrowly tailored" Kelo V New London 2005 "Eminent Domain" may be used to take private property for the public good even if this means giving it to private developers Wesberry V Sanders One person, one vote (in redistricting for federal elections, each congressional district was to be approximately the same) In Georgia, the 5th district had 3 to 4 times more people than did the other districts. Buckley V Valeo Candidates can use as much of their own money on their own campaigns. Baker V Carr One person one vote-state elections (Warren Court's judicial activism.) New York Times V Sullivan Libel case-writer did it with intent to defame-knew it was false-wrote it with malicious intent. Public officials/figures have less privacy rights. Printz V United States 1997 Using the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I as justification, Congress CAN NOT require state officials to regulate handgun purchases by performing those duties called for by the Brady Bill's handgun applicant background-checks? United States V Morrison 2000 Congress DOES NOT have the authority to enact the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 under either the Commerce Clause or Fourteenth Amendment? Smith V Allright 1944 Outlawed all white primaries U.S. Term Limits Inc. Thornton 1995 States CAN NOT alter qualifications for the U.S. Congress that are specifically enumerated in the Constitution? Near V Minnesota the 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint. Miller V California 1973 ruling that determined the obscenity clause to related to works that lack literary, artisitic, political or scientific value. (LAPS test) Palko v. Connecticut (1937) Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be applicable to the states - those which are fundamently necessary for liberty to exist. Epperson V Arkansas 1968 Prohibited states from banning the teaching of evolution. Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987) More leeway for states in regulation abortion, though no overturning of Roe v. Wade. Upholds MO law prohibiting abortion in public hospitals; shift in composition of court. (Later cases allow 24-hour waiting periods, parental consent for minors, etc.) Shaw V Reno 1993 NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. U.S. Lopez 1995 Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. Barron V Baltimore 1833 Bill of Rights was NOT applicable to the states