Equine Medicine
About this set
Created by:
kat71 on August 31, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
Florida Institute of Animal Arts access
Classes:
Veterinary Assisting, You Want It We Got It Come Study Today (YWIWGICST)
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 stallion | mature male horse |
| mare | mature female horse |
| filly | immature female horse |
| foal | horse under the age of 1 |
| colt | immature male horse |
| gelding | castrated male horse |
| mule | offspring of a male donkey, female horse |
| hinny | offspring of a male horse, female donkey |
| donkey | like a small horse with long ears (males; jack, females; jenny -- aka ass or burro) |
| ungulate | hoofed animals (hooflike) |
| gaits (3 types of) | walk, trot, gallop (canter, stepping pace, running walk, fox trot, amble, rack & pace) |
| cannon bone | weight bearing shin bone (3rd metacarpal (metatarsal) of the horse) |
| splint bones | two bones on either side of the cannon bone (shin bone) |
| sesamoid bones | two bones found at the back of the fetlock (joints in both hindlimbs and forelimbs) |
| pastern bones | part of the horse between the fetlock joint and the hoof (consists of two bones, the uppermost is proximal phalanx and the lower is middle phalanx) |
| pedal bone | bottomost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule (commonly known as the coffin bone) |
| lateral neck muscles (gluteal muscles) | injection sites |
| calcium and phosphorus | essential minerals |
| Vit A, B, E (Vit D is synthesized) | vitamins to be provided in feed |
| can't vomit, no gallbladder (to store bile), large cecum | digestive system (differences) |
| stomach | stores, mixes, digests and propels feed into the small intestine |
| small intestines | is where most feed nutrients are digested and absorbed (aka uppergut) |
| large intestine (includes) | cecum and colon (aka hindgut) |
| cecum | undigested nutrients are fermented (similar to that which occurs in the forestomach of ruminants) |
| colon | further digestion and absorption (in hindgut) |
| 10-24 months | horse sexual maturity |
| 11 months | horse gestation |
| foal heat | mare comes in heat about a week after foaling |
| premarin | pregnant mares urine (far a drug made of conjugated estrogen) |
| oribatid mite | intermediate tapeworm host (small mites found in virtually all soils all over the world.) |
| ileocecal junction (opening between the ileum, or small intestine, the colon and the cecum) | where Anoplocephala perfoliata (equine tapeworm) tend to congregate |
| tapeworm | eggs pass thru feces, ate by oribatid mite, transmitted by ingestion of the oribatid mite, treated with equimax |
| pinworms | female worms crawl out of the horse's rectum, deposit eggs on the perianal region, and crawl back into the rectum, transmitted by ingestion of eggs, treated with strongid |
| Roundworm | eggs pass thru feces, transmitted by the ingestion of eggs, treated with strongid (& regular internal parasite control program)(eggs are viable for up to 10yrs)(aka ascarid) |
| Strongyles | eggs pass thru feces, develop into larvae in the feces (lives up to 3 months), transmitted by ingestion of the larvae (which may attach to grass blades), treated with strongid (& regular internal parasite control program)(aka bloodworm) |
| anthelmintic | dewormer (purging wormer; strongid, others; ivermectin or moxidectin) |
| bot fly | fly attaches eggs to hair follicles, larvae are ingested, treated with invermectin (& regular internal parasite control program) |
| large strongyles (s vulgaris) | most important internal parasite |
| sucking lice | treated with systematic insecticides or avermectins (lice) |
| biting lice | treated with dipping (or spraying) insecticides |
| sarcoptes mange | treated with avermectins (mites) |
| Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) | an inherited disease of the muscle which is caused by a genetic defect (common in quarter horses) |
| Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) | bleeding from blood vessels within the lung (pulmonary) (bleeding from the nose; epistaxis) (aka bleeders) |
| Equine infectious anemia (EIA) (aka swamp fever) | infectious viral disease that attacks the horse's immune system (closely related to HIV) |
| Equine Encephalitis virus (EEE, WEE; eastern,western)(aka sleeping sickness) | virus spread to horses and humans by infected mosquitoes, vaccine available for horses)(CNS dysfunction and moderate to high mortality) |
| Equine Herpes Virus (aka equine abortion virus) | Equine rhinopneumonitis virus (two most common strains are EHV-1, which causes abortion, respiratory disease and neurologic disease; and EHV-4, which usually causes respiratory disease only but can occasionally cause abortion, vaccine available) |
| equine vaccines | influenza, tetanus, encephalitis (EEE,WEE), herpes (EHV) (also rabies, botulism, Equine viral arteritis (EVA), strangles, west nile) |
| strangles | an acute bacterial (streptocucus Equi) disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes, treated with penicillin(aka distemper/shipping fever) |
| colic | not a disease, rather a group of symptoms in response to abdominal pain |
| leptospirosis | bacterial (leptospira) infection of the kidneys |
| laminitis (aka founder) | painful condition of the hooved foot (inflammation of the lamina) |
| Enterotoxemia | result of toxins produced by spore-forming bacteria (Clostridium perfringens; types B and C causes severe enteritis, dysentery, toxemia)(aka overeating disease) |
| Potomac horse fever (PHF) | transmitted by insects, causative agent Ehrlichia risticii, treated with oxytetracycline and IV fluids (causes acute diarrhea) (aka Equine ehrlichial colitis, Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, Ditch fever, Shasta River crud)(mortality 30%) |
| Tetanus | toxemia caused by a specific neurotoxin produced a bacteria (Clostridium tetani) in necrotic tissue, treated with antitoxin (aka lockjaw) |
| Anthrax | septicemia (blood poisoning) caused by the sporeforming bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), vaccine available, treatment usually not possible due to acute nature but is sensitive to pencillin, streptomycin & tetracyclines) |
| botulism | intoxication with a neurotoxin produced by sporeforming, anaerobic bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that inhabits soils and marine and freshwater sediments), treated with antitoxin |
| 99.1F-100.8F, 32-44bpm, 8-6bpm | horse TPR |
| <102.7, 128bpm, 14-15bpm | foal TPR |
| Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) | a common neurologic disease caused by the ingestion of S neurona sporocysts (protozoa) in contaminated feed or water |
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