Upper Airway, Ears, Neck, Salivary Gland Path
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Created by:
cdouglas13 on August 31, 2010
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Eosinophils | What is the prominent leukocyte apparent in allergic rhinitis? |
| Deviated Nasal Septum or Nasal Polyps | What things in chronic rhinitis contribute to the likelihood of microbial invastion? |
| Kartagener's Syndrome | Syndrome characterized by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis due to a dynein defect giving cilia disruption. So also usually causes infertility as well. |
| Mostly viruses (many) but also bacteria: beta-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus | What are the causative agents of Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis? |
| Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma | Highly vascular tumor occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males in the nasal cavity |
| Inverted Papilloma | Benign neoplasm from the sinonasal mucosa composed of squamous or columnar epithelium which does not exhibit exophytic growth and can potentially invade the orbit or cranial vault. |
| Olfactory Neuroblastoma | Uncommon, malignant tumors composed of small round cells, resembling neuroblasts, which form lobular nests encircled by vascularized CT in the nasal mucosa. |
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | A neoplasm in the nasal mucosa that can exhibit keratininzing or nonkeratinizing or undifferentiated cells. Common in children in some parts of Africa, common in adults in southern China, and sometimes linked to EBV. |
| Respiratory Syncitial Virus, Haemophilus influenzae, or beta-hemolytic streptococci | What are the etiological agents responsible for cases of laryngoepiglottitis in infants and young children that can induce sudden swelling giving a potentially lethal emergency? |
| Polyps are unilateral, singers' nodules are bilateral | How can one tell the difference between a laryngeal polyp from chronic smoking and singers' nodules from chronic singing? |
| Laryngeal squamous papilloma | Benign neoplasm of the larynx located on the true vocal cords and caused by HPV types 6 and 11 |
| Carcinoma of the larynx | An elderly man comes in plagued by persistent hoarseness with some throat pain and dysphagia. He admits to smoking 2 packs a day for 25 years and drinking most nights and excessively on the weekends. It just so happens that he is almost retired and has been working at a shipyard most of his life. What is the likely Dx? |
| Cholesteatoma | A cystic lesion lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium or metaplastic mucus-secreting epithelium associated with chronic otitis media that can erode much of the middle ear. |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis | Although viral agents are the most common cause of acute otitis media, what are the most common bacterial agents? |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, or a fungus | What are the causative agents of chronic otitis media? |
| Otosclerosis | Familial, autosomal dominant abnormal bone deposition in the middle ear about the rim of the oval window into which the footplate of the stapes fits which can give hearing loss. |
| Branchial Cyst (Cervical Lymphoepithelial Cyst) | Benign cyst appearing along the sternocleidomastoid muscle arising from remnants of the second branchial arch and typically contains lymphoid tissue with prominent germinal centers. |
| Carotid Body Tumor | A paraganglioma involving the great vessels which is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Micro: Composed of nests of round to oval chief cells that are surrounded by delicate vascular septae and stains strongly for neuroendocrine markers. |
| Pheochromocytoma | The most common location of a paraganglioma is within the adrenal medulla, where it is chromaffin-positive (stain detecting catecholamines) and gives rise to what disorder? |
| Xerostomia | A patient that exhibits dental caries, candidiasis, as well as difficulty swallowing and speaking is experiencing what symptom as a result of his diuretic and antihypertensive medications? |
| Sjogren Syndrome | An autoimmune disease which destroys exocrine glands giving dry eyes (xeropthalmia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca), dry mouth (xerostomia), and arthritis |
| Mucocele | Blockage or rupture of a salivary gland duct with leakage of saliva into the surrounding CT which is most commonly found on the lower lip due to trauma with a blue translucent hue is called what? |
| Ranula | A mucocele that arises when the duct of the sublingual gland has been damaged. |
| Sialadenitis | Term for inflammation of the salivary glands |
| Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans | What are the causative agents of sialadenitis secondary to sialolithiasis (which happens to be unilateral involvement of a single gland)? |
| Pleomorphic Adenoma | Benign tumor composed of ductal and myoepithelial cells with presentation as a painless, slow growing mass within the parotid, submandibular, or buccal areas. |
| Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (or malignant mixed tumor) | An adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma arising from within a pleomorphic adenoma |
| Warthin Tumor (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum) | A benign neoplasm found almost exclusively in the parotid gland. Micro: Dense lymphoid stroma lined by a double layer of neoplastic epithelial cells with the outer layer being oncocytic columnar cells and the inner layer being cuboidal to polygonal cells. |
| Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma | A malignant neoplasm with variable mixtures of squamous cells, mucus-secreting cells, and intermediate cells found mainly in the parotid glands but others as well. Due to (11;19) (q21;p13) translocation giving a fusion MECT1-MAML2 gene. |
| Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma | Malignant neoplasm found in many salivary glands with small cells having dark, compact nuclei and scant cytoplasm. The spaces between the cells are often filled with a hyaline material. Many white cysts are seen. |
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