AP bio Chapter 5

5 Written Questions

1. a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached
2. A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis
3. The sugar component of RNA
4. A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA
5. A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses

5 Matching Questions

1. amino acid
2. pyrimidine
3. starch
4. primary structure
5. lipid

1. a one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring. Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U)
2. b An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins
3. c A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose
4. d the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids
5. e One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape
   1. alpha helix
   2. double helix
   3. cholesterol
   4. nucleotide
2. A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
   1. RNA
   2. gene
   3. purine
   4. DNA
3. A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids
   1. polymer
   2. cholesterol
   3. starch
   4. steroid
4. An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
   1. glycogen
   2. gene
   3. polymer
   4. protein
5. A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by condensation reactions
   1. monosaccharide
   2. polypeptide
   3. polysaccharide
   4. disaccharide

5 True/False Questions

1. chitin → One of a family of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluble in water

   True        False

2. fatty acid → a long carbon chain carboxylic acid. fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat

   True        False

3. triacylglycerol → Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule

   True        False

4. condensation reaction → A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction

   True        False

5. alpha helix → A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure

   True        False