Chapter 7
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell | Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from it's surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life. |
| Cell Theory | Idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Nucleous | Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins. |
| Eukaryote | Organism whose cells contain nuclei. |
| Prokaryote | Unicelluar organism lacking nucleus. |
| Organelle | Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. |
| Cytoplasm | Material inside a cell membrane-NOT including nucleus. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. |
| Chromatin | Granular material visible within the nucleus; Consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Nucleolus | Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins... |
| Ribosome | Small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; Made of Rna and protein ... |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid componets of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified... |
| Golgi Apparatus | Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosome | Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain certain materials in the cell |
| Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
| Mitochondrion | Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Chloroplast | Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy ... |
| Ctoskeleton | Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| Centriole | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Cell membrane | Thin, flexible barrier around a cell ; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria |
| Lipid bilayer | Double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| Concentration | The mass of solute in a given volume solution, or mass/volume |
| Diffusion | Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | When the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| Hypertonic | When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | When comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| Faciliated diffusion | Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| Active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| Endocytosis | Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround nd engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| Exocytosis | Process by which a cell releases large amounts of materials |
| Cell Specialization | The process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Organ | Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| Organ System | Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
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