Campbell Reece Biology 6e Chapter 3
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burros Teacher on September 2, 2010
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BHS 2010-2011
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alpha (α) helix | ... |
| amine | An organic compound with one or more amino groups. |
| amino acid | organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group |
| amino group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1. |
| anabolic steroid | any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth |
| carbohydrate | an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals |
| carbon skeleton | The chain of carbon atoms that forms the structural backbone of an organic molecule. |
| carbonyl group | an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a carbon atom linked to a double bond to an oxygen atom |
| carboxyl group | A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. |
| carboxylic acid | an organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups |
| cellulose | a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers..., polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls |
| chitin | complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods |
| cholesterol | a type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods, a specialized lipid |
| dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |
| denaturation | For proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. For DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix. Denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature. |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | molecule is responisble for the inheritance (genetics); nucleic acid contains the sugar |
| disaccharide | any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis |
| double helix | two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA |
| enzyme | specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| fat | organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids |
| functional group | the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds |
| gene | A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| glycogen | one form in which body fuel is stored |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen |
| hydrolysis | A chemical process in which polymers are broken down by the chemical addition of water molecules to the bonds linking their monomers; an essential part of digestion. |
| hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water; usually polar molecules; this is principally important in relation to the phospholipid bilayer. |
| hydrophobic | ... |
| hydroxyl group | ... |
| isomer | ... |
| lipid | ... |
| macromolecule | ... |
| methyl group | ... |
| monomer | ... |
| monosaccharide | ... |
| nucleic acid | ... |
| nucleotide | ... |
| organic compound | ... |
| peptide bond | ... |
| phosphate group | ... |
| phospholipid | ... |
| pleated sheet | ... |
| polymer | ... |
| polypeptide | ... |
| polysaccharide | ... |
| primary structure | ... |
| protein | ... |
| quaternary structure | ... |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid; RNA consist of a single strand, nucleotides contain the five-carbon sugar ribose, have a nitrogen base called uracil |
| saturated | ... |
| secondary structure | The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain. |
| starch | polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers |
| steroid | a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings |
| tertiary structure | The third level of protein structure; the overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain. |
| unsaturated | solution in which it is possible for more solute to be dissolved |
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