HA 150 Weekly Sheet Items

English	Latin
Ruins of the Anu Ziggurat and White Temple	Architect Unknown c. 3300-3000 BCE Mud Bricks Uruk, Sumer, Mesopotamia Sumerian architecture
Votive Figures	Artist Unknown c. 2900-2600 BCE Limestone, alabaster, and gypsum Square Temple in Eshnunna, Sumer, Mesopotamia. Sumerian religious art: stylized figures
Great Lyre with Bull's Head	Artist Unknown c. 2600-2500 BCE Wood, gold, lapis lazuli, silver, bitumen, and shell Royal Tomb (Lady Pu-abi) in Ur, Sumer, Mesopotamia Sumerian culture
Head of a Man	Artist Unknown c. 2300-2200 BCE Bronze or Copper Alloy Nineveh, Mesopotamia Akkadian Sculpture: stylized features
Stele of Naram-Sin	Unknown Artist c. 2254-2218 BCE Limestone Akkad, Mesopotamia Akkadian Sculpture
Votive Statue of Gudea	Artist Unknown c. 2090 BCE Diorite Girsu, Sumer, Mesopotamia Sumerian style/culture
Stele of Hammurabi	Artist Unknown c. 1792-1750 BCE Diorite Susa, Mesopotamia Babylonian style/culture
Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions	Artist Unknown c. 875-860 BCE Alabaster Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu, Assyria, Mesopotamia Assyrian style/culture
Guardian Figures of the Citadel of Sargon II	Artist unknown c. 721-706 BCE Unspecified stone Dur Sharrukin, Assyria, Mesopotamia Assyrian style/culture
Iconography	The study of subject matter.
Period Style	The common traits detectable in works of art and architecture from a particular historical era.
Regional Style	The stylistic traits that persist in a geographic region.
Provenance	Origin or source of a work of art; also the history of the ownership of a work of art.
Medium	The material(s) from which a work of art is made.
Sculpture	Three-dimensional art that is carved, modeled, cast, or assembled.
Additive	Type of sculpture where the object is built up from a material. Ex. clay sculpture
Reductive	Type of sculpture where the object is made by taking away material. Also known as subtractive. Ex. wood sculpture, stone, and ivory.
In the Round	Free-standing sculpture or sculpture that is surrounded on all sides, beside the base, by space.
Relief	Sculpture that projects from a background surface of the same material. (high and low types)
Mesopotamia	The "land between the rivers". An ancient Near Eastern land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers that had a very fertile landscape and was the site for the ancient societies of Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia, and Elam.
Sumerians	People that settled in cities and city-states along southern Mesopotamia between about 3500 and 2340 BCE. Invented the form of writing known as cuneiform.
Akkadians	People that settled north of Sumer, adopted Sumerian culture, and spoke a Semitic language. Major ruler was Sargon I.
Cuneiform	Form of writing that used wedge-shaped symbols carved into clay tablets with a stylus. First used by Sumerian people.
Ziggurat	Huge stepped structures with a temple or shrine on top. Were symbolic for the bridge between Earth and the gods. Also named "House of the Mountain." Early Sumerian Architecture.
Register	Horizontal bands used to seperate images or elements in a work of art.
Votive	Dedicated to the gods; devotional.
Stele	Upright stone slab.
Hieratic Scale	Technique where relative size indicates relative importance.
Composition	The organization or arrangement of forms in a work of art.
Diorite	A very hard, difficult-to-work-with stone used in sculpture
Revetment/veneer	The covering of a wall with a relief sculpture or other artwork. They were used in Assyrian palaces.
Assyrian	A people from northern Mesopotamia that began expanding their empire in about 1000 BCE by conquering neighboring lands, their empire extending as far west as Egypt. One of their major rulers was Assurnasirpal II.
Lamassu	Guardian figures that combined the bearded head of a man, the body of a lion or bull, the wings of an eagle, and the horned headdress of a god.
Narmer Palette	Artist Unknown c. 2950 BCE Green Schist Hierakonpolis, Egypt Early Dynastic Period
Step Pyramid of Djoser	Imhotep c. 2650-2631 BCE Limestone Djoser Funerary Complex, Saqqara, Egypt Early Dynastic Period
Great Pyramids of Giza	Artist Unknown c. 2575-2450 BCE Limestone and Granite Giza, Egypt Old Kingdom Period
Early Dynastic Period	Egyptian era that lasted from c. 2950-2575 BCE. It began when Narmer conquered Lower Egypt and consolidated Egypt into one kingdom. This period saw the construction of the Narmer Palette and the Djoser Funerary Complex.
Old Kingdom	Egyptian era that lasted from c. 2575-2150 BCE. It saw great political and social stability and the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza.
Narmer	A ruler from Upper Egypt who, around 2950 BCE, conquered Lower Egypt and consolidated Egypt into a single kingdom.
Upper Egypt	Southern region of Egypt that was upstream on the Nile and more mountainnous. Narmer was from here.
Lower Egypt	Northern region of Egypt that was more fertile. It was conquered by Narmer.
Palette	A tablet with circular depressions on one side, which was used to hold eye make-up.
Twisted Perspective	Also known as composite pose. The Egyptian artistic convention that portrays a person's face, legs, and feet in profile while the torso is faced toward the front.
Imhotep	Architect of Djoser's Funerary Complex. He was prime minister to Djoser and was the first architect to be identified in history.
Mastaba	A flat-topped, one-story building with slanted walls erected above an underground burial chamber.
Necropolis	A "city of the dead."
Khufu	Egyptian ruler that was in power from about 2551 to 2528 BCE. Was the first ruler to have a pyramid constructed as his tomb in Giza.
Khafre	Ruler of Egypt from about 2520-2494 BCE. Second ruler to have a pyramid constructed,in Giza, which included a colossal sphinx portrait of himself.
Menkaure	Ruler of Egypt from approx. 2490-2472 BCE. Last ruler to have a pyramid constructed at Giza. His pyramid was considerably smaller than the other two.
Khafre (sculpture)	Artist Unknown c. 2520-2494 BCE Diorite/Gabbro Gneiss Giza, Egypt Old Kingdom Period
Menkaure and a Queen	Artist Unknown c. 2490-2472 BCE Graywacke with traces of red and black paint Giza, Egypt Old Kingdom Period
Seated Scribe	Artist Unknown c. 2450-2325 BCE Painted limestone with inlaid eyes of rock crystal, calcite, and magnesite mounted in copper Near tomb of Kai, Saqqara, Egypt Old Kingdom Period
Temple of Amun at Karnak	Architect Unknown c. 1579-1075 BCE Unspecified Stone Karnak, Egypt New Kingdom Period
New Kingdom	Egyptian era that lasted from approx. 1539-1075 BCE. It began after the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty regained control of the Nile region of Egypt from the Hyksos. This era saw economic and political stability, the construction of great temples such as the temple atKarnak, the rule of the woman Hatshepsut, and the monotheist Akhenaten of the Armarna period.
Horus	Egyptian god of the skies, often depicted as a falcon.
Polychrome	The multi-colored painting decoration applied to any part of a building, sculpture, or piece of furniture.
Hypostyle Hall	A large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof.
Clerestory	The topmost zone of a wall with windows in a basilica extending above the aisle roofs. it provides direct light into the central interior space. (Think Temple of Amun at Karnak)
Axial Plan	An architectural plan that, when split down an axis, is symmetrical on each side of the axis.
Papyrus	Plant that grows in Egypt and was the symbol for Lower Egypt in ancient times.
Hatshepsut Kneeling	Artist Unknown c. 1473-1458 BCE Red Granite Deir El-Bahri, Egypt New Kingdom Period
Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut	Architect Unknown c. 1473-1458 BCE Cut out of cliffs Deir El-Bahri, Egypt New Kingdom Period
Colossal Figure of Akhenaten	Artist Unknown c. 135301336 BCE Sandstone with traces of polychromy Gempaaten Temple, Egypt New Kingdom Period
Akhenaten and his Family	Artist Unknown c. 1353-1336 BCE Painted limestone (sunken relief) Akhenaten, Egypt New Kingdom Period
Inner Coffin of Tutankhamun's Sarcophagus	Artist Unknown c. 1332-1322 BCE Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones Tomb of Tutankhamun, Egypt New Kingdom Period
Hatshepsut	One of very few female Egyptian rulers in Egyptian history who came into power after the death of her husband, Thutmose II. She reigned from 1473-1458 BCE, acting as regent for Thutmose III. She is, in some artwork, depicted as male and some as female, often times wearing the traditional headdress and false beard in these depictions.
Akhenaten	He was the first Egyptian ruler to establish a monotheistic religion, which worshipped the sun god, Aten. He was in power in Egypt for 17 years from c. 1353-1336 BCE.
Tutankhamun	He was the son of Akhenaten and is most famous for his brilliant golden sarcophagus. He was not an exceptional ruler during his reign of Egypt, primarily because he died at a young age from disease, and was ruler from c. 1332-1322 BCE. After his father's death he quickly re-established the polytheistic religion that had preceded Akhenaten.
Armarna Period	This is the period that took place during the Egyptian ruler, Akhenaten's, reign, from c. 1332-1322 BCE. It saw a significant shift in art, with a more unique style that moved away from the idealized, masculine figures of the traditional Egyptian style.
Colossal	Considerably larger than life size.
Sunken Relief	Relief sculpture where the image is carved into or beneath a background.
Funerary Krater	Artist Unknown c. 750-700 BCE Ceramic Dipylon Cemetary, Athens, Greece Geometric Period
Temple of Hera I	Architect Unknown c. 550-540 BCE Stone or marble Paestum, Italy Archaic Period, Doric Order
Temple of Aphaia	Architect Unknown c. 500 BCE Stone or Marble Aegina Archaic Period, Doric Order
West Pediment of The Temple of Aphaia	Artist Unknown c. 500-490 BCE Marble Temple of Aphaia, Aegina Archaic Period
Dying Warrior	Artist Unknown c. 500-490 BCE Marble Temple of Aphaia, Aegina Archaic Period
Geometric Period	The Greek period that existed from about 900 to 700 BCE. It was characterized by linear motifs and was primarily filled with ceramic pottery, such as the Funerary Krater.
Archaic Period	The Greek Period that existed from about 600 to 480 BCE. It saw the construction of both the temples of Hera I and Aphaia, along with the sculpting of the Metropolitan Kouros, the Peplos Kore, and the Anavysos Kouros.
Doric Order	The Greek architectural order that included columns with fluting, plain capitals, and no base. The entablatures included a plain architrave and a frieze that consisted of triglyphs and metopes.
Ionic Order	The Greek architectural order that included columns with fluting, voluted capitals, and a base. The entablatures did not contain a frieze with triglyphs or metopes, but instead often housed sculptural images that were continuous. This order also had raking cornices in the entablature.
Corinthian Order	The most detailed and latest Greek architectural order that included slender columns with a base and capitals with acanthus leaves. The entablature contained a dentil.
Cella	The principal interior room at the center of a Greek temple within which the cult statue was usually housed. (Naos)
Peristyle	A surrounding colonnade in Greek architecture.
Stylobate	In Classical architecture, the stone foundation on which a temple colonnade stands.
Column	A decorative pillar, most often composed of stone and typically having a cylindrical or polygonal shaft with a capital and usually a base.
Base	Any support, in this case for a column.
Shaft	The main vertical section of a column between the capital and the base, usually circular in cross section.
Capital	The sculpted block that tops a column.
Fluting	Evenly spaced, rounded parallel vertical grooves incised on shafts of columns.
Volute	A spiral scroll, as seen on Ionic capitals.
Acanthus	A Mediterannean plant whose leaves are reproduced in architectural ornament used on moldings, friezes, and Corinthian capitals.
Entablature	The horizontal elements above the columns and capitals. Consists of an architrave, a frieze, and a cornice.
Architrave	The bottom element in an entablature, beneath the frieze and the cornice.
Frieze	The middle element of an entablature, between the architrave and the cornice. Often decorated with relief sculpture.
Triglyph	Rectangular block between the metopes of a Doric frieze.
Metope	The carved or painted rectangular panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze.
Cornice	The uppermost section of a Classical entablature.
Pediment	A triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as the entablature of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian order architecture.
Raking Cornice	The uppermost portion of Greek entablature that is formed by the junction of two slanted cornices, often found in pediments.
Metropolitan Kouros	Artist Unknown c. 600 BCE Marble Attica, Greece Archaic Period
Anavysos Kouros	Artist Unknown c. 530 BCE Marble with remnants of paint Cemetary at Anavysos, Athens, Greece Archaic Period
Peplos Kore	Artist Unknown c. 530 BCE Marble Acropolis, Athens, Greece Archaic Period
Kritios Boy	Artist Unknown c. 480 BCE Marble Acropolis, Athens, Greece Early Classical Period
Warrior	Artist Unknown c. 460-450 BCE Bronze with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth, and copper lips and nipples Riace, Italy Early Classical Period
Kouros	An Archaic Greek statue of a young man or boy.
Kore	An Archaic Greek statue of a young woman.
Archaic Smile	The curved lips of an ancient Greek statue, so named for the era it comes from.
Early Classical Period	Greek period that existed from about 480 to 450 BCE. It was the first part of the Classical period and saw the construction of the Kritios Boy statue.
Contrapposto	The convention of presenting standing figures with opposing positions of tension and relaxation. (Shifting weight)
Polykleitos	Greek early classical sculptor who established the Greek Canon for the human body.
Canon	A set of rules for constructing the ideal human figure according to the Greek sculptor, Polykleitos.
Acropolis in Athens	Reconstructed under Perikles 447-432 BCE Various Materials Athens, Greece High Classical Period
Erectheion	Architect Unknown 421-406 BCE Stone and/or Marble Acropolis, Athens, Greece High Classical Period
Parthenon	Kallikrates and Iktinos 447-432 BCE Pantelic Marble Acropolis, Athens, Greece High Classical Period
East Pediment of the Parthenon	Kallikrates and Iktinos c. 447-432 BCE Stone/Marble Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece High Classical Period
Horsemen	Kallikrates and Iktinos c. 447-432 BCE Marble Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece High Classical Period
Acropolis	The Citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and housing temples, a treasury, sometimes a royal palace. The most famous is located in Athens and houses the Parthenon.
Caryatid	A sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature.
High Classical Period	The Greek period that existed from c. 450-400 BCE, that saw the reconstruction of the Acropolis in Athens, and the construction of the Parthenon and Erectheion.
Perikles	The Greek leader who ordered the reconstruction of the Acropolis in Athens.
Pheidias	A close friend of Perikles and a renowned Greek sculptor who was put in charge of reconstructing the Acropolis.
Aphrodite of Knidos	Praxiteles c. 350 BCE Marble Knidos, Asia Minor Late Classical Period
Alexander the Great Confronts Darius II at the Battle of Issus	Philoxenos of Eretria or Helen of Egypt c. 310 BCE Floor Mosaic Pompeii, Italy Late Classical Period
Theater of Epidauros	Architect Unknown Fourth century BCE and later Unspecified Medium Epidauros, Greece Hellenistic Period
Dying Gallic Trumpeter	Epigonos c.220 BCE Originally Bronze Sanctuary of Athena in Pergamon, Greece (Copy found in Caesar's garden in Rome) Hellenistic Period
Old Woman	Artist Unknown First Century BCE Marble Location unspecified Hellenistic Period
Late Classical Period	The Greek period that existed from c. 400-323 BCE and saw the construction of Aphrodite of Knidos and "Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III ..."
Mosaic	Images formed by small colored stone or glass pieces affixed to a hard, stable surface.
Tessera	The small piece of stone, glass, or other object, that is pieced together with many others to create a mosaic.
Hellenistic Period	Greek period that existed from c. 323-31 BCE and saw the cosntruction of the theater of Epidauros, the Dying Gallic Trumpeter, and the Old Woman.
Expressionism	Term describing a work of art in which forms are created primarily to evoke subjective emotions rather than a rational response.
Proscenium	Stage of a theater.