| Term | Definition |
|---|
| mercantilism | it was the duty of the government to strictly regulate a state's economy. |
| Navigation Acts | These bills had great influence on colonial trade. Certain products from the colonies could only be shipped to England in an effort to help British merchants. Came from both the Dutch and the American colonies |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Opposed to Berkeley. In a dispute over the policy toward Native Americans and how the colony would be governed, known as the Bacon Rebellion. |
| Stono Rebellion | The most famous slave uprising. |
| Glorious Revolution | removed James II |
| Molasses Act | tightened British control over colonial trade. |
| Great Awakening | A great religious revival, where ministers of the movement claimed that local ministers were not devoted enough to G-d. |
| Albany Congress | Where colonies attempted to coordinate their policies concerning further westward settlement and concerning native americans |
| French and Indian War | 7 Years War |
| Stamp Act | This act would require a purchased stamp on all printed material. First time Parliament would directly tax the colonies. |
| Quartering Act | Colonial governments would provide food and accommodations for British troops stationed in colonies. |
| Sons of Liberty | Created in Boston; led by Samuel Adams |
| Declaratory Act | Parliament had the right to tax and pass legislation regarding the colonies "in all cases whatsoever". |
| Bunker Hill | First Battle in which Washington commanded the army. |
| Battle of Trenton | U.S. defeated the British on Christmas night. |
| Valley Forge | Where Washington's army stayed. |
| Yorktown | Cornwallis was ordered to take up a defensive position here. |
| Northwest Ordinance | Regulated the sale of lands in the Northwest Territory and established a plan to give these settled territories statehood. |
| Virginia Plan | proposed a bicameral legislature with the number of representatives in each house determined by proportional representation. |
| New Jersey Plan | proposed a unicameral legislature where every state received one vote. |
| Great Compromise | This plan included and upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the House of Representatives. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | Stated that three-fifths of a state's slave population would be counted when determining representation in the House of Representatives |
| Federalists | Supported a strong national government |
| Antifederalists | Those who opposed to a strong national government |
| Alien Act | Gave the president the right to deport any immigrant who was felt to be dangerous |
| Sedition Act | The administration could prohibit any attacks on the President or Congress that were deemed to be "malicious". |
| Tariff of 1816 | Raised tariff rates to nearly 22% and provided protection |
| Treaty of Ghent | Ended the War of 1812 |
| Marbury v Madison | established the principle of judicial review |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Ended the Mexican-American War. |
| Gadsden Purchase | Gave American an additional Southern route for trade (with Mexico) |
| Freeport Doctrine | Maintained that a territory could exclude slavery if the laws and regulations written made slavery impossible to enforce. (Douglas) |
| Jefferson Davis | Headed the Confederate States of America |
| Civil War | Concerned slavery and states rights in the North and South |
| Battle of Shiloh | Was the bloodiest Battle fought up until the time. |
| Anaconda Plan | Called for Northern naval forces to control the Mississippi River. |
| Copperheads | Democrats in the North that opposed the war. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | gave Northerners a moral justification to continue fighting. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Lee was defeated by the Union army; bloodiest |
| Vicksburg | Gave the union control of the Mississippi River |
| Reconstruction Era | Political leaders in the North had to decide how the former states of the Confederacy would be assimilated back into the Union. |
| Wade-Davis Act | Congress could only authorize a state government in former Confederate States when the majority of voters took an "ironclad" oath, stating that they were now loyal to the Union. |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Outlawed slavery |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Citizenship would be the same in all states. |
| Fifteenth Amendment | no American could be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." |
| Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction in the South |
| Morrill-Land Grant | Indirectly gave land to settlers |
| Battle of Little Bighorn | The last major Native American victory against the American Army. |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | The soldiers opened fire on the Native Americans, killing over 200 men, women, and children. |
| Dawes Act | Designed to give the Native Americans their own plots of land to farm on. |
| Knights of Labor | Labor union that attracted to skilled and unskilled workers. |
| The Gilded Age | Twain's term-refers to the period between 1875-1900- a thin layer of gold covering all the problems of the era |
| Muller v Oregon | A case ruled Constitutional to set limits on the number of hours a woman could work. |
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