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trapezius palsy A deepening of the shoulder on the affected side. shoulder drops on the affected side. superior portion of the muscle is involved in whiplash dorsal scapular nerve c5 difficulty in completely adducting the scapula. on affected side scapula is further from the midline. these can be signs of damage to which nerve? Latissimus dorsi weakness or damage to this muscle results in forward displacement of the shoulder Lumbar triangle a depression at the lower portion of the latissimus dorsi and is bounded by the: latissimus dorsi, crest of the illium, external oblique muscle. hernia of the posterior wall of the abdomen may develop here Triangle of auscultation depression found at superior portion of latissimus dorsi. bounded by: latissimus dorsi, trapezius, vertebral border of the scapula. place a stethoscope here. can be enlarged by abducting the scapula serratus anterior Prime mover for abducting of the scapula. involved with forced inspiration but only when the humerus is abducted Long thoracic nerve palsy (winged scapula) serratus anterior is weakened due to damage to long thoracic or its segmental innervation. patient, difficulty abd their scapula and problems with raising their extremity over their head. winging of the scapula pateint will have difficulty keeping vertebral border and inferior angle of their scapula against posterior thoracic wall when carrying out abd against resistance. this is know as? cause could be recumbancy (on back/side) for long period of time Rotator cuff muscles 2 criteria, 1.tendon of insertion forms a cuff around the proximal end of the humerus. 2. participate in either lateral or medial rotation of humerus. subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula origins of anterior, middle, posterior portions (deltoid) posterior action of which part of deltoid. extends and laterally rotates the humerus anterior action of which part of the deltoid (muscle is a common site for intramuscular injection of drugs). flexes and medially rotates the humerus crutch paralysis due to injury to the axillary nerve. (atrophy of the deltoid). problems after atrophy: shoulder has a flattened appearance, loss of sensation over lateral aspect of the arm. abd of the arm is greatly impaired subacromial and deltoid bursae the tendon (supraspinatus) is separated from the acromion process by ? supraspinatus 1. initiates abd of the humerus. 2. laterally rotates the humerus. 3. stabilizes the shoulder joint. all actions of which muscle? rotator cuff tendinitis irritation and inflammation of supraspinatus tendon. aka shoulder impingement syndrome. sharp pain in anterior and/or lateral aspects of the shoulder. (twinge) in elderly due to calcium deposits rotator cuff tears tendon is weakened by combination of: age, repeated episodes of trauma, steroid injections, subacromial impingement. may lead to a tearing, usually ruptures near its insertion. patient will have difficulty carrying out abd of the arm drop test used to evaluate rotator cuff tears. patients asked to lower the fully abd limp slowly it will drop suddenly to the side in uncontrolled manner if tendon is torn bursitis deltoid and subacromial. this may in fact be more common than the rotator cuff tendinitis. but may be difficult to distinguish one for the other. seen in swimmers, tennis players and gymnast quadrilateral space axillary N. and humeral circumflex arteries are found here. more lateral of 2 spaces formed from long head triceps brachii between teres major and minor. triangular space more medial of the spaces contains circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery. 1 of 2 spaces formed by long head triceps brachii between teres major and minor sternoclavicular joint upper limb articulates with axial skeleton. capsular ligament is extremely stable. articulations: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, cartilage of the first rib. plane gliding joint. very strong capsular ligamentSC joint articular disc this overcomes the poorly adapted articulating surfaces (sc joint) found in middle of joint cavity. divides into functions 1. prevents clavicle from being displaced at its articulation with the sternum. 2. shock absorber of forces being transmitted along clavicle extrinsic ligaments found superficial to the capsular ligament intrinsic ligaments found deep to the capsular ligament