| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cold War | A continuing state of tension and hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union |
| (Marshal) Tito | The communist ruler of Yugoslavia; Pursued nationalist poclicies because Soviet troops (under Stalin) did not occupy Yugoslavia |
| Iron Curtain | 1946; Chruchill's metaphor that became a symbol for the division of Europe and the growing fear of communism |
| Truman Doctrine | 1947; President Truman asked Congress for $400 to aid Greece and Turkey (they were in danger of being overthrown by communists); Proclamation that the US would support any country that resisted communism |
| Berlin Airlift | 1948; Western powers flew supplies into Western Berlin becuase of a Soviet Union blockade; Blockade liften in 1949 |
| (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NATO | 1949; Military defensive alliance with the US, Canada, and 10 Western European countries to block communism |
| Warsaw Pact | 1955; Soviet Union's military alliance of USSR and seven satelite states in Eastern Europe |
| Mao (Zedong) | 1949; China's Communist leader; Successful against nationalists; Had support of the Soviet Union |
| Chiang (Kai-Shek) | 1949; Nationalist leader of China; After Communist victory, fled to Taiwan; US recognized as official Chinese government |
| 38th Parallel | 1953; The line that divides North and South Korea |
| (Nikita) Khrushchev | 1956; The major Soviet Union leader after Stalin's death; Issued de-Stalinization laws in economics |
| (Boris) Pasternak | 1958; A Soviet Union novelist who was not allowed to accept the Nobel Prize for literature |
| Geneva Summit | 1958; Meeting of Britain, France, US, and the Soviet Union to help resolve their differences; Largely failed |
| (Wladyslaw) Gomulka | 1956; A Polish leader who gained concessions for Poland and calmed anti-Soviet feelings (during Khruschev's reign) |
| (Imre) Nagy | 1956; President of Hungary; Liberal Communist reformer; Declared Hungary's neutrality and withdrew from the Warsaw Pact; Khrushchev crushed his rebellion |
| (Janos) Kadar | The leader of the Soviet Union's puppet regime in place of Imre Nagy in Hungary after it crushed his revolt |
| (Fidel) Castro | 1959; Communist who overthrew the Cuban government of Bastita; Promised to make Cuba a democracy, but in 1961 declared it a Communist state in alliance with the Soviet Union |
| (Leonid) Brezhnev | 1964; Became the leader of the Soviet Union after Khruschev was forced into retirement |
| (Alexander) Dubcek | 1968; Czechoslovakia Communist Party Leader; Started reforms to lift censorship and allow openness; Reformes condemned by Brezhnev |
| Prague Spring | 1968; Dubcek's reforms in Czechoslovakia to lift censorship, trade with the West, and form political groups; Condemned by Brezhnev |
| Brezhnev Doctrine | Brezhnev's policy that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene militarily in any socialist country that it saw the need to do so |
| (Lech) Walesa | 1980; Poland's leader of Solidarity in response to strikes about the rise in meat prices; Called for economic changes |
| Solidarity | An independent trade union that called for political, industrial, and economic changes in the 1980s |
| (Karol) Wojtyla | The former archbishop of Krakow, Poland, who was elected Pope |
| Pope John Paul II | The first Polish pope who struggled for the rights of people across the world |
| Détente | 1970; The spirit of relaxiation of tension during the Cold War |
| SALT I Accord (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) | 1972; Nixon's agreement with the Soviet Union to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistics missles |
| Helsinki Pact | 1975; The US, Canada, and European nations met in FInland to formally recognize the Soviet territorial gains on Europe, the division of Germany, and Soviet domination of Eastern Europe |
| Marshall Plan | 1947; US provided over $13 billion in aid for the recovery of Europe; Stalin did not accept any aid |
| European Coal and Steel Community | 1951; France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg agreed to intregrate the economies of Europe, especially with coal and steel |
| Treaty of Rome | 1957; The treaty which set up the Europan Common Market which made a reduction of tarrifs |
| European Common Market | 1957; An organization which reduced tariffs of member countries (six) to intregrate their economies |
| (Konrad) Adenauer | 1949; "Die Alte" of West Germany; Worked to build the German economy by using Eastern EUropean refugees as labor |
| (Willy) Brandt | 1969; Leader of the Social Democratic Party; Chancellor of West Germany; Policy of ostpolitik to seek reconciliation with East and West Germany |
| Ostpolitik | Eastern Policy, seeking reconciliation between East and West Germany; Brandt signed treaties with other countries to try to unify Germany; Resigned because people thought he was an Eastern Europe spy |
| (Helmut) Kohle | 1982; A conservative Christian Democrat; Became the chancellor of West Germany after Brandt |
| (Margaret) Thatcher | 1979; Conservative prime minister of England; Began to limit spending on social welfare programs and focus more on private enterprise |
| Fourth French Republic | The French government set up after World War II; Had a weak president, strong legislature, and too many parties |
| (Charles) De Gaulle | 1958; Founder of the Fifth French Republic; Came out of retirement to write a new constitution for France after the failure of the Fourth French Republic |
| Fifth French Republic | 1958; The new govermnet of France; Its constitution included a stronger president |
| (Francois) Mitterand | 1981; French Socialist; President of France who tried to revive the economy by nationalizing private companies and banks and increasing wages and other social benefits |
| (Alcide) de Gasperi | 1948; A Strong president of Italy who won a major victory over the Communists; Post-Facist Italy |
| (Aldo) Moro | 1978; A respected Christian Democrat; Assassinated by the Red Brigade |
| Red Brigade | An Italian radical group that assassinated Moro |
| (Gamal Abdel) Nasser | 1956; The Egyptian president who nationalized the Auez Canal, ending British Control |
| Suez Canal | The canal on the Eastern side of Egypt that was controlled by England until Nasser delcared independance |
| (Ho Chi) Minh | 1954; Vietnamese nationalist hwo fought for vietnam's independance from France |
| Geneva Accords | The traty that recognized the independence of Cambodia and Laos and divided Vietnam into the North (communist) and South (allied with the US) |
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