| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Engel v. Vitale | Court ruled that all school-sanctioned prayer in public schools is unconstitutional |
| Abington School District v. Schempp | Court struck down a Pennsylvania law that required each public school day be opened with a Bible reading |
| Wallace v. Jaffree | Court overruled a state law setting aside a minute for "voluntary prayer" |
| Cantwell v. Connecticut | Court began to apply the "Free Exercise Claus" to the states |
| Schenck v. U.S. | Court ruled that Congress can break your free speech rights during extreme situations (such as Wartime) |
| Gitlow v. New York | Court applied free speech protection to the states (Incorporation) |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio | Court set up a two rule system for determining when the states can overrule free speech. 1) If the speech is directed toward producing imminent violent action, and 2) it is likely to incite or produce such action |
| Miller v. California | Court redefined obscenity as something that "as a whole appeals to prurient interests, depicts sexual conduct defined by the state law, and a work that lacks any real literary, artistic, political, or scientific value". |
| Texas v. Johnson | Court protected flag burning as symbolic speech |
| Reno v. ACLU | Court struck down the regulation of free speech over the internet |
| Buckley v. Valeo | Court disallowed limits on campaign expenditures but agreed to limit personal and group campaign contributions (upheld a $1000 limit) |
| Near v. Minnesota | Court extended freedom of the press to states (incorporation) by striking down a statute that allowed injunction against publishers of "defamatory" information |
| New York Times v. Sullivan | Court ruled that "actual malice" must occur to convict anyone of libel or slander. Court protected all statements about public officials |
| New York Times v. U.S. | Court allowed publication of "leaked information" as long as the information won't cause an "inevitable, direct, and immediate" impact imperiling the safety of American forces |
| Boy Scouts of America v. Dale | Court ruled that applying a public accommodations law to a private organization was unconstitutional. Effectively allowed private organizations to bar homosexuals. |
| Dejonge v. Oregon | Extended the right to peaceful assembly to the states (incorporation) |
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