The Science of Biology Ch. 1
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mallorymoore on September 6, 2010
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Sections of 1.1-1.4, In Joachim's Biology Class
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the goal of science? | To investigate and understand the natural world To explain events in the natural world To use those explanations to make useful predictions |
| What is science? | An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world |
| What is an observation? | The process of gathering info about events or processes in a careful, orderly way |
| What is data? | The info gathered from observations |
| What is an inference? | A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience |
| What is a hypothesis? | A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations |
| What is spontaneous generation? | The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter |
| What is the structure of a controlled experiment? | Whenever possible, a hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept unchanged, or controlled |
| What is the manipulated variable? | The variable that is deliberately changed |
| What is the responding variable? | The variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulative variable |
| In Redi's experiment, what was the controlled variable? | Jars Type of meat Location Temperature Time |
| In Redi's experiment, what was the manipulative variable? | Gauze |
| In Redi's experiment, what was the responding variable? | Whether maggots appeared |
| What was Needham's test of Redi's findings? | He claimed that spontaneous generation was possible under the right conditions. 1. Sealed a bottle of gravy 2. Heated it 3. Said that the heat killed any life in the gravy 4. After several days, the bottle was swarming with activity |
| What was Spallanzani's test of Redi's findings? | He thought that Needham had not heated his samples enough 1. Boiled to containers of gravy 2. He immediately sealed one jar, and left the other open 3. After several days, the open jar was teeming with microorganisms 4. The sealed jar was free of microorganisms |
| What was Pasteur's test of spontaneous generation? | He designed a flask with a long, curved neck 1. The flask was open, but microorganisms ould not get in 2. He boiled the flask to kill and possible microorganisms 3. He waited a year 4. In that time, there were no microorganisms |
| What was the impact of Pasteur's work? | 1. He saved the wine industry 2. He saved the silk industry 3. He created penicillin |
| No theory is considered _______. | Truth |
| What is a theory? | A well-supported hypothesis |
| What does theory apply to in science? | A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations |
| What is an anti-body? | A bodily protector that keeps out internal diseases |
| What are the 8 characteristics of living things? | 1. They are made of cells 2. They reproduce 3. They are based on DNA 4. They grow and develop 5. The obtain and use materials an energy 6. The respond to their environment 7. The maintain a stable internal environment 8. As a group, they change over time (EVOLUTION) |
| What is homeostasis? | It is used to preserve internal environments |
| How many parents are there in sexual reproduction? | 2 |
| How many parents are there in asexual reproduction? | 1 |
| What is the mitocondria? | The power house of cells |
| What is the biosphere? | Where all forms of life on Earth are connected, "Living Planet" |
| At the molecular level, all living things are ______________ _________. | Fundamentally alike |
| Science seeks to provide ________ ___________. | Useful information |
| What are the levels of organization in order? | 1. Molecules (Atom groups) 2. Cells (Smallest unit of life) 3. Groups of Cells (Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems) 4. Organism (Individual living thing) 5. Population (Group of organisms in the same area) 6. Community (Populations that live together in 1 area) 7. Ecosystem (Community and nonliving surroundings) 8. Biosphere (Earth's part that contains all ecosystems) |
| What are some different branches of biology? | 1. Zoology=Animals 2. Botany=Plants 3. Paleontology=Ancient Life |
| What is the metric system? | A system of units of measurements based on multiples of 10 |
| What are light microscopes? | Produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays |
| What are electron microscopes? | Produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons |
| How can cell cultures be used? | They can test cell responses under controlled conditions, to study interactions between cells, and to select specific cells for further study |
| What is cell fractionation? | It is the separation of different cell parts 1. Cells are broken into pieces by a special blender 2. They are added to a liquid in a special tube 3. The tube is out in a centrifuge 4. Spinning separates the cells |
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