| Term | Definition |
| Equal Protection Clause | Guarantantees Civil Rights; added after Civil War; 14th Amend |
| 1950s &1960s | African Americans discriminated by states throughout these years |
| Black Codes | Kept slaves from voting; literacy tests, poll taxes, registration laws, white primaries |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Required African Americans to take racial discrimination cases to federal court; unconstitutional (1883) |
| Jim Crow Laws | Segregated schools, public transportation, hotels |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | Jim Crow Laws upheld; Separate but equal doctrine |
| Executive Order 8802 (1941) | FDR banned racial discrimination in denfense indsutry &govt offices |
| Executive Order 9981 (1948) | Truman desegregated armed forces |
| Brown v. BOE (1954) | Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; Separate but equal unconstitutional |
| Brown v. BOE II (1955) | Order of desegregation of schools "with all deliberate speed" |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | Created Civil Rights Division with Justice Department; Crime to prevent a person from voting in Federal elections |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Prohibited discrimination in employment/public accommodation; Outlawed bias in federal-funded programs; Est'd Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Register voters; outlaws literacy tests &other discrimmination test in voter registration |
| Civil Rights Act of 1991 | Easier for job applicants and employees to bring suit against employers with discrimminatory hiring process |