Flashcards: ch 3 sect 2-3
About these flashcards
Created by:
jflandrum on September 7, 2010
Subjects:
earth science, landrum, chemistry
Description:
matter, changes of state, acids and bases, etc...
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 compound | a substance composed of two or more atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. |
| chemical bonds | the forces that hold the elements together in a compound |
| covalent bond | when atoms are bonded by sharing their valence electrons |
| molecule | composd of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. (have no overall charge bc the total # of electrons = the total # protons) |
| polar bond | when atoms in a covalent bond doNOT share atoms equally |
| ion | an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes a charged particle |
| positive ion | atom that has lost an electron |
| negative ion | atom that has gained an electron |
| ionic bond | chemical bonds in which two ions of opposite charge are attracted to one another. |
| metallic bonds | hold metals together. the electrons float freely and are shared by all atoms. |
| chemical reaction | the change of one or more substances into other substances. The same amount of matter is present on both sides of a chemical equation. |
| mixture | a combination of two or more components (ingredients) that retain their own identities |
| heterogenous mixture | when a mixture's components are easily recognizable (ex. soil) |
| homogenous mixture (solution) | a mixture in which the component particles are not easily recognizable (ex. seawater, coffee) |
| acid | a solution that makes hydrogen (H+) ions in water. has a pH of less than 7 |
| base | a solution that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in water. has a pH of more than 7. |
| 7- water | neutral on the pH scale |
| solid | has definite shape and volume. Has densely packed particles arranged in a definite pattern. |
| liquids | Have definite volume, but no definite shape. They take the shape of the container. |
| Gases | No definite shape, no definite volume. They expand to fit the volume of the container. |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| evaporation | the change of a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | the change of a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | the change of state of a solid to a gas |
| plasma | matter that is heated to great than 5000°C, and can conduct electricity. Can be found in lightning, neon signs, and stars. |
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