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The Creation of Adam -ceiling on Sistine Chapel -by Michealangelo -God is about to touch life into Adam Pope Paul 111 -appointed a reform commision (Council of Trent) -because of an increase of Protestants, popes wanted to get people Catholic again -Concil of Trent: reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition of protestand beliefs Sistine Chapel -church -paintings my Michelangelo on ceiling and wall: The Creation of Adam The Last Judgement Genesis(the first book of the Bible) La Pieta -sculpture by Michelangelo -only peice of art he signed -means "the pity" Diet at Worms/Edict of Worms -by Charles V -made Luther an outlaw withen the empire -Luthers works were burned -Luther captured and delivered to emporer -Luther sent into hiding and protected when he returned to Wittenberg Theocracy all laws based on religion Johann Tentzel -monk -sold indulgences (past, present, and future), for Pope Leo X -greatly angered Luther -people believed they were harming chances for salvation by buying these indulgences Erasmus -Christan humanist -people should live good lives on a daily bases -stressed inwardness of religious feeling -said external things (pilgrimages, fasts, relics), not important -made reform to: spread "the philosophy of Christ", provide education in works of Christinanity, criticize abuses in church -wrote: The Praise of Folly the book: humorously criticized parts of society he believed needed reform (mainly monks) -didnt break away from church, eventually his followers (Luther) did Defender of the Faith -King Henry VII -appointed this of the Catholic church to defend the 7 sacraments instead of Luther's 2 Birth of Venus Painting -by Bottichelli -Venis is a godess and was naked, so the Christans were angry -for Medicini "may you always have children and never let your name die out." Duomo (Florence) dominated Tuscany -in 14th centruy had small, wealthy group of merchants, whom established a centeral government -had many succesful wars against major city-states in nothern Italy -Brunelleschi Justification by faith alone -by Martin Luther and later John Calvin -idea that faith alone, (not good works like Catholics thought) will get you into heaven In Defense of the 7 Sacraments Book by Henry VIII -wrote this to criticize Marthin Luther's belief of only two sacraments Henry VIII King -maried brother's widdow, then couldnt have son: wanted divorce -church didn't declare mariage invalid -turned to own church courts -dissolved monasteries and said their land and possessions to wealthy landowners and merchants -closed to catholic teachings -Anglican church -wrote: In Defense of Seven Sacraments Anabaptistis todays Amish -crtisisms of Catholic church: child baptism, herarchy of the church -reforms: adult believers (adult only baptism), all belivers are equalm any membor of community could be clergy, total separation of church and state, refused to hold political office or bear arms John Calvin -forced to flee Catholic france for safty of Swithzerland -criticisms of Catholic church: same as Luther, against purgatory -reforms: Justification by faith alone, God is all-powerful; directs all that has happened and will happen, predestination, established city-of-God; peoples lives controlled by church with punishment for lack of morals Ulrich Zwingli (Zurich, Switzerland) critisisms of Catholic church: idea of purgatory, sale of indulgences, luxury of church, idea of faith and good works -reforms: established theocracy (church-run state), replaced all paintings and decorations with white wash walls, replaced mass with scripture reading prayer and sermons, diisagreed with Luther on Transubstantiation Martin Luther Monk -refused to renonce new religious ideas of catholic church -battle cry for protestant reformation -began reform early 16 century -95 Theses: bible only sorce of religious thruths -two sacraments: baptism and Eucharist -clergy can marry -church shouldnt be hierarachy Criticisms of Catholic church: "faith AnD good works" were necacary for salvation, sale of indulgences, sacraments moved away from spirituality Council of Trent -thought to be foundation of catholic reformation -place where Catholics met to begin counter-reformation Jesuits Society of Jesus -formed by Ignatius of Loyola -formed to get people back to the church -liberal catholics Ignatius Loyola spanish nobel man -formed Society of Jesus (Jesuits) -used educaiton to spread method The Act of Supremacy gave Henry VIII (king) control over religious doctrine, clerical appointments, and disipline Predestination -emphasis on all powerful nature of God -idea by Calvin -"eternal decree" -idea God has decided, in advance, who is damned and who is saved -determined others to spread faith Pope Leo X -didnt take it seriously when Johann Tenzel sold indulgences and 95 Theses were sent to church superiors -medici pope indulgence -release from all or part of punishment for sin -usually involves confession Dome of St. Peters -largest dome in world (bigger then The Dome) -by Micelangelo -in Rome The Last Judgement Painting by Michelangelo -wall of Sistine Chapel -in Rome -Jesus looked like Roman god Appolo -fesco David -Florence, Italy -Sculpture by Michelangelo -glorification of the human body -moments before confrontation with golath -slaves found marble-17 feet with a giant crack -curly hair: Greek, based off of Alexander the Great Bottichelli -Painted Aderation of the Maji: story of 3 wise men, Cosmo D'Medici getting blessed by Jesus -painted the Brith of Venus:Venus naked=Christians angery -bult roof of The Dome, in Florence Girolamo Savonarola -Dominican preacher -condemed coruption of florence and excuses of Medici family -citizens turned from Lorenso D'Medichi to him -said paintings against culture-followers go to hell -bonfire of Vanitites: burn whatever makes you vain -told Lorenzo he would burn in hell -turned Florence into Theocracy: government by religious principles -1498- accused of heresy and put to death: Medici in power again Michelangelo -Painter, sculptor, architect -sculped David -thought beautiful body=more godlike -painted: The creation of Adam, The Last Judgement -sculpted La Pieta Raphael Painted The School of Athens -known for paintings of Virgin Mary -achieved idea beauty, surpassing human standards -balance, harmony, order: underlyning principles of art in Greece and Rome Lorenzo de'Medici -grandson of Cosimo de'Medici -dominated Florence when it was the culture center of Italy -in 1400's economic decline -turned Florence over to followers humanism -key intellelectual movement of the Renaillance -study of classic lieracy works of ancient Greek and Rome -studied grammer, rhtoric, poetry, moral philosophy, hisory -celibrate life and the human body -people wanted to change the world while alive and make it better for others Filippo Brunelleschi Architect in Dumo, Florence -inspired by classical Rome -hierd by Medici to design church of San Loeres: enviornment doesnt overwhelm worships Pope Clement VII Medici Pope -oppoesed Charles V -guided by political considerations -joined side of French king -sent forces into eastern part of Charles empire