Mader Ch 4
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Created by:
mrksherman on September 7, 2010
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47 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| Cell size |  limited by the surface to volume ratio |
| Cell theory | all organisms composed of cells and cells come from preexisting cells |
| Prokaryotic cells | lack membrane bound nucleus |
| Eukaryotic cells | have nucleus housing |
| Plasma membrane | regulates what comes in and what leaves the cell, acts as a barrier |
| Phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids, polar heads on the outside and fatty acid tails inside |
| Fluid mosaic model | proteins and cholesterol float in membrane |
| Functions of proteins in membrane | channel, transport, cell recognition, receptor, enzyme, junction |
| Channel proteins | act as a tunnel through the membrane that allows one or a few types of molecules to move through |
| Transport proteins | combine with a substance and move it across the membrane |
| Cell recognition | cells ID each other to detect foreign cells |
| Glycoproteins | proteins that have sugar molecules on it for identification |
| Receptor proteins | proteins that allow a signal molecule to bind to it and cause a chain reaction response |
| Enzymatic proteins | takes unusable substrate molecules and modifies them to become usable substrates |
| Junction proteins | allows cells of the same type to attache together |
| Bacterial structure | plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, nucleoid, ribosomes, appendages |
| Nucleoid | area of a prokaryotic cell where DNA is most dense |
| Nucleus | stores genetic information |
| Chromatin | DNA, protein, and RNA that helps compact DNA |
| Gene | stretch of DNA nucleotides that code for a polypeptide |
| Nucleolus | dark structure within nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made |
| Ribosomes | organelle that links amino acids together, made of 2 subunits of rRNA and protein |
| Endomembrane system | Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles |
| transport vesicles | carry molecules from one part of the cell to another |
| Rough ER | modifies proteins and sends vesicles to golgi apparatus |
| Smooth ER | synthesizes lipids, contains no ribosomes |
| Golgi apparatus | receives vesicles from the ER, modifies them, sorts and repackages them |
| Lysosomes | vesicles that digest molecules or portions of the cell |
| Vacuoles | membranous sacks used for digestion or storage |
| Mitochondria | breaks down carbohydrates to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| Mitochondria structure | outer membrane, folded inner membrane |
| Christae | folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane |
| Chloroplast | three membrane organelle that uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates |
| Chloroplast structure | outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid membrane, thylakoid space |
| Endosymbiant theory | mitochondria and chlorophyll were once free living and became incorporated into eukaryotes as organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | network of interconnected protein filaments and tubules that maintain cell shape and movement of organelles |
| Microtubules | hollow cylinders that act as tracks for organelles to move |
| Actin filaments | 2 chains of monomers that form a dense network to support the plasma membrane |
| Motor proteins | proteins that allow cellular movement along cytoskeleton |
| Flagella | long tail like feature that whips around |
| Cilia | short microtubules that beat like oars |
| Cell wall | cellulose fibrils and noncellulose substances that provide structure to plant cells |
| Plasmodesmata | Narrow, membrane lined channels that allow water and small molecules to pass from cell to cell |
| Extracellular matrix | meshwork of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides |
| Adhesions junctions | plaques firmly attached to one another where tissues need to stretch |
| Tight junctions | proteins attach membranes like a zipper and form a barrier |
| Gap junctions | Channels that join from one membrane to another for passage of ions and molecules |
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