Flashcards: Mr. Blake's Math Vocab
About these flashcards
Created by:
blake_michael on September 8, 2010
Subjects:
pre-algebra, math, math vocabulary
Description:
Math Course 3
Chapter 1-10 Vocab
Mr. Blake's Class
Groups:
Exploring Creation with Physical Science, STUDY GROUP | Everybody Welcome!, Tarver's Math, Jesus Quintero, Alberto Fernandez, Studyskills Math Resources
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 bar graph | a type of graph in which the lengths of bars are used to represent and compare data in categories |
| frequency table |  A table that lists items together according to its interval which is the number of times, or frequency, that the items occur |
| histogram |  A bar graph where the bars touch, where the height of each bar indicates its frequency, and where data is grouped into intervals |
| numerical expression | consists of numbers and operations |
| evaluate | to find the value of an expression |
| order of operations | the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction |
| variable | a letter used to represent one or more numbers |
| variable expression | consists of numbers, variables, and operations |
| power | is a number made of repeated factors |
| exponent | a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself |
| base | is the number that is repeatedly multiplied in a power |
| equation | a mathematical sentence with an equal sign that shows that two expressions are equivalent |
| solving an equation | finding all the solutions of an equation |
| formula | An equation that shows a relationship among two or more quantities |
| perimeter | The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon |
| area | the number of square units needed to cover a flat surface |
| integers | Positive and Negative Whole Numbers and 0. Examples: .... -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3.....(Does not include fractions or decimals) |
| absolute value | the distance a number is from 0 on the number line, value of n is written l n l |
| additive identity property | The sum of a number and zero is always that number. |
| additive inverse property | The sum of a number and its opposite is zero. |
| multiplication identity property | The product of any number and one is that number. |
| mean | the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values in the set |
| commutative property of addition | In a sum, you can add terms in any order, a + b = b + a |
| commutative property of multiplication | the order of the factors does not change the product a x b = b x a |
| associative property of addition | changing the grouping of terms will not change the sum, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) |
| associative property of multiplication | changing the grouping of factors will not change the product, (ab)c = a(bc) |
| distributive property | a(b + c) = ab + ac |
| terms | in an expression are separated by addition and subtraction signs |
| like terms | terms that have identical variable parts raised to the same power |
| coefficient | number in front of a variable |
| constant | a term that has no variable and does not change |
| coordinate plane | A plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis. |
| ordered pair | A pair of numbers, (x, y), that indicate the position of a point on a coordinate plane. |
| quadrant | one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided |
| Inverse Operation | operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction |
| Isolate the variable | To get a variable alone on one side of an equation or inequality in order to solve the equation or inequality |
| Equivalent Equations | equations that have the same solution |
| base | the bottom of a triangle |
| height | the perpendicular (90 degrees) distance from the base of a triangle to the opposite vertex |
| Inequality | A statement that compares two quantities using <, >, ≤,≥, or ≠ |
| Equivalent Inequalities | inequalities that have the same solution |
| prime number | A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. |
| composite | a number that has more than two factors |
| monomial | a single term made up of numbers and variables |
| prime factorization | a number written as the product of its prime factors |
| greatest common factor | The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common. |
| simplest form | when the GCF of the numerator and denominator is 1 |
| equivalent fractions | fractions that have the same value and the same simplest form |
| multiple | skip-counting by any given number Ex: 4, 8, 12, 16... |
| least common multiple | the smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common |
| least common denominator | The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. |
| scientific notation | a method of writing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10 |
| reciprocal | one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2 |
| rational number | A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0. |
| repeating decimal | a decimal in which one or more digits repeat infinitely |
| median | is the middle value in a data set where the numbers are ordered least to greatest |
| mode | is the value in a data set that occurs most often. If all values occur the same amount of times there is no mode for that set. |
| range | is the difference of the greatest value and the least value in a set of data. |
| circle | is the set of all points that are an equal distance from a point called the center |
| center | the point in the exact middle of a circle |
| radius | a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle (is also half the diameter) |
| diameter | the distance across a circle through its center (is also twice the radius) |
| circumference | The distance around a circle. |
| ratio | a comparison of two numbers by division |
| rate | a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units |
| unit rate | a rate that has a denominator of 1 |
| equivalent ratios | Ratios that have the same value. |
| proportion | an equation that states that two ratios are equal Ex: 1/2 = x/10 |
| cross products | in a proportion the numbers diagonally across from each other multiplied together Ex: a/b=c/d, ad and bc |
| scale model | a model of an object in which the dimensions are in proportion to the actual dimensions of the object. |
| percent | a ratio whose denominator is 100 |
| pie graph | a graph that best shows part of a whole or the percentage out of 100% |
| markup | the amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store is paid for the item |
| discount | a decrease in the price of an item |
| interest | is the amount paid for borrowing or lending money |
| principal | the original amount of money loaned or borrowed |
| annual interest rate | the percent of the principal you pay or earn a year |
| favorable outcome | the outcome you would perfer happen. |
| probability of an event | number of favorable outcomes divided by total number of possible outcomes |
| theoretical probability | what should occur in a probability experiment...an experiment is not actually done |
| experimental probability | probability based on what happens when an experiment is actually done |
| straight angle | an angle that measures 180 degrees |
| right angle | an angle that measures 90 degrees |
| supplementary angles | Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees |
| complimentary angles | Two angles that add up to 90 degrees |
| vertical angles | a pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines |
| perpendicular lines | two lines that intersect to form a right angle |
| parallel lines | two lines that never intersect |
| acute triangle | a triangle with 3 acute angles |
| obtuse triangle | a triangle with one obtuse angle |
| right triangle | A triangle that has a 90 degree angle. |
| equilateral triangle | a triangle with three equal sides |
| isosceles triangle | a triangle with two equal sides |
| scalene triangle | a triangle with no equal sides |
| trapezoid | a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |
| parallelogram | A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |
| rhombus | a parallelogram with four equal sides |
| congruent line segments | two line segments with equal lengths |
| congruent angles | two angles with the same measure |
| reflection | A transformation that "flips" a figure over the x or y axis |
| line of symmetry | a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other |
| translation | moves each point in a figure the same distance and direction, the new image is congruent to the original |
| rotation | a transformation that turns the original figure around the origin 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise or counter clockwise |
| similar figures | figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their angles are congruent and their sides are proportional |
| scale factor | the number used to enlarge or reduce similar figures |
| radical expression | an expression that contains a square root |
| perfect square | a number that has a whole number for a square root ex: 9, 16, 121 |
| irrational number | a number that can not be written a/b |
| hypotenuse | the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle, also the longest side of a right triangle |
| legs | the two sides that make up the right angle in a right triangle |
| Pythagorean Theorem | a²+b²=c² |
| Pythagorean triple | a set of three positive integers that work in the pythagorean theorem |
| slant height | the height of each lateral (outside) face of a pyramid or cone |
| perpendicular height | the height of a polygon that is in a 90 degree relationship to the base of the polygon |
| Pi | 3.1415.... is an irrational number |
| polyhedron | a three-dimensional figure whose surfaces are polygons |
| face | the polygons that form a polyhedron |
| edges | where two polygons meet in a polyhedron |
| vertex | a point where three or more edges meet in a polyhedron, or where two lines meet in a polygon |
| prism | is a polyhedron with two bases and faces are rectagles |
| cube | special polyhedron with faces that are all squares |
| pyramid | a polyhedron with one base and the faces are triangles |
| cylinder | a geometric solid with two bases that are circles |
| cone | a geometric solid with one circular base |
| sphere | a three-dimensional closed figure that looks like a ball |
| net | a two-dimensional pattern that forms a three-dimensional solid when formed |
| surface area | The total area of the 2-dimensional surfaces that make up a 3-dimensional object. |
| volume | the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object |
| input | the x-value in a function |
| output | the y-value in a function |
| function | a relation that assigns exactly one output value for each input value |
| domain | the set of all the input (x-values) for a function |
| range | the set of all the output (y-values) for a function |
| linear equation | an equation whose answers are ordered pairs (x,y) and whose answers graph a straight line |
| x-intercept | the point where a graph crosses the x-axis |
| y-intercept | the point where a graph crosses the y-axis |
| slope | the steepness of a line on a graph, rise over run |
| slope intercept form | y = mx + b |
| stem and leaf plot | A data display that shows groups of data arranged in order by place value. |
| box and whisker plot | a diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and upper and lower extremes. |
| tree diagram (probability) | a diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in an experiment |
| odds | the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur. Favorable over Unfavorable. |
| independent event (probability) | an event that is not affected by another event. |
| dependent event (probability) | an event who's outcome does depend on the outcome of a previous event |
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