| Term | Definition |
| partition | division |
| sikhs | members of an indian religious minority |
| kashmir | state in the himalayas with muslim and hindu populations |
| jawaharlal nehru | led india as its first prime minister |
| dalits | outcastes |
| indira gandhi | prime minister of india |
| punjab | indian sikhs wanted independence for the proserous and largely sikh state |
| golden temple | sikh religions holiest shrine |
| bangladesh | "bengali nation" |
| nonalignment | political and diplomatic independence from both cold war superpowers |
| autocratic | government has unlimited power |
| aung san suu kyi | father helped burma win independence |
| sukarno | parliamentary government under its first president |
| suharto | army general |
| east timor | former portuguese colony |
| ferdinand marcos | elected president in 1965 |
| benigno aquino | popular rival who was murdered |
| corazon aquino | widow of the slain benigno |
| savannas | grasslands with scattered trees |
| kwama nkrumah | in the gold coast |
| jomo kenyatta | in kenya |
| coup d' etat | overthrow of a government |
| mobutu seso seko | dictator of zaire |
| islamist | people who want government policies to be based on the teachings of islam |
| katanga | where copper and diamonds were found |
| biafra | declared independence |
| kibbutz | collective farm |
| secular | nonreligious |
| hejab | wearing the traditional muslim headscarves and loose fitting |
| suez canal | links europe with asia and east africa |
| gamal abdel nasser | siezed power in egypt |
| anwar sadat | became the first arab leader to make peace with israel |
| mohammad mosaddeq | led nationalists |
| ruhollah khomeini | religious leader |
| theocracy | government rules by religious leaders |