1.
1st-degree Burn: only the epidermis (red, painful and edema)
2.
2nd-degree Burn: epidermis & part of dermis (blistered)
3.
3rd-degree Burn: epidermis, dermis, & more is destroyed
4.
Achondroplastic Dwarfism: failure of cartilage growth; long bones stop growing; normal torso, short limbs
5.
Acne: inflammation of the sebaceous glands
6.
Acromegaly: excess growth hormone (post epiphyseal plate closure); thickening of bones
7.
Addison disease: bronzing of the skin due to deficiency of glucocorticoid hormones
8.
Arthritis: broad term embracing more than 100 types of joint rheumatism
9.
Basal Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer arises from stratum basale (containing sebaceous glands) & invades dermis
10.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (characteristic): small shiny bump (enlarges into a central depression, beaded "pearly" edge)
11.
BMPs: bone morphogenic proteins; induce differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts
12.
Bunion: inflammation of soft tissue of 1st MTP joint followed by bone deposition
13.
Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa, usually due to overexertion of a joint
14.
Calcium Channel Blockers: medications that prevent calcium channels from opening (relax arteries)
15.
Cystic Fibrosis: chloride pumps fail to create adequate saline layer under mucus
16.
Cystic Fibrosis (consequence): thick mucus plugs pancreatic ducts & respiratory tract
17.
Dermatitis: any inflammation of the skin (itching and redness)
18.
Dislocation: displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint
19.
Eczema: itchy, red, "weeping" skin lesions caused by an allergy
20.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: inherited defect that affects elaboration of collagen fibers
21.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (symptoms): hyperelasticity of skin & joint dislocations
22.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: (hereditary disease) abnormally low number of LDL receptors
23.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: hereditary disease with abnormally low number of LDL receptors
24.
Gigantism: excess growth hormone (prior epiphyseal plate closure); abnormal bone length
25.
Gout: chronic metabolic disease characterized by an elevated body load of uric acid
26.
Halux Valgus: deviation of the great toe medially
27.
Immotile Cilia Syndrome: mutation in proteins of cilia & flagella (aka Kartagener syndrome)
28.
Immotile Cilia Syndrome (symptoms): immotile spermatozoa, male infertility, & chronic respiratory infections
29.
Long term risk of PPI's: increase in fracture due to no calcium absorption in stomach (no acidification)
30.
Malignant Melanoma: skin cancer arises from melanocytes of a preexisting mole (most deadly)
31.
Malignant Melanoma (characteristic): ABCD - asymmetry, border irregular, color mixed, & diameter over 6 mm
32.
Marfan's Syndrome: abnormal expression of the fibrillin 1 gene
33.
Marfan's Syndrome (consequence): abnormal elastic tissue (e.x. hyperextendible joints, hernias, & enormous dilation of aorta)
34.
Metaplasia: change from 1 cell/tissue type to another as a result of physical/chemical stress
35.
Osteitis deformans: excessive proliferation of osteoclasts & resorption of excess bone
36.
Osteoarthritis: most common form of arthritis (not a systemic disease)
37.
Osteocalcin: bone specific vit K-dependent calcium binding protein
38.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: "Brittle Bone Disease" (genetic disorder of type I collagen)
39.
Osteomalacia: mineralization of bone matrix is impaired (soft bones); Vit D deficiency
40.
Osteomyelitis: Inflammation of osseous tissue & bone marrow due to bacterial infection
41.
Osteoporosis: decreased bone mass; spicules thinner than normal bone
42.
Pemphigus Vulgaris: (autoimmune disease) autoantibodies attack proteins of desmosomes
43.
Pituitary Dwarfism: deficiency of growth hormone; proportional failure of bone growth
44.
Plantar Fasciitis: inflammation of the plantar fascia at its attachment site on the calcaneus
45.
Psoriasis: recurring, reddened plaques covered with silvery scale
46.
Rash: inflammatory skin condition or a dermatitis
47.
Rheumatism: broad term for any pain in the supportive & locomotory organs of the body
48.
Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune attack on the joints (synovial membrane); symmetrical inflammation of joints
49.
Rickets: defective mineralization of bone in children (Vit D deficiency)
50.
Rosacea: a red rashlike area (nose & cheeks) marked by fine networks of dilatd blood vessels
51.
Rotator Cuff Tears: tears of 1 or more of the 4 tendons of the rotator cuff muscles (most typically involves the supraspinatus muscle)
52.
Seborrheic: recurring patches of scaly white or yellowish inflammation (head, face, chest, & back)
53.
Skin Growth Disease: cyst, malformation, or a benign or malignant neoplasm
54.
Spina Bifida: neural tube defect due to insufficient folic acid
55.
Sprain: torn ligament or tendon
56.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer arises from keratinocytes in stratum spinosum; penetrates the dermis
57.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (characteristic): raised, reddened, scaly appearance (later forming concave ulcer with raised edges)
58.
Strain: painful overstretching of a tendon or muscle without serious tissue damage
59.
Synovitis: inflammation of a joint capsule (specifically the synovial sheath)
60.
Tay-Sachs disease: lysosomal storage disease; glycolipids are endocytosed & accumulate in neurons of brain
61.
Tay-Sachs disease (cause): Hexosaminidase A enzyme deficiency
62.
Tendinitis: a form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed
63.
Tinea: any fungal infection of the skin
64.
Vincristine: (chemo drug) microtubule assembly disruptor used to prevent cell division & tumor growth
