Endocrinology
About this set
Created by:
AppalachianDO on September 8, 2010
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis | 1. Prolactinoma 2. Acromegaly |
| Prolactinoma | Si/Sx - HA, diplopia, CN3 palsy, impotence, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, increase in androgens - virilization 50% caused by mass effect of the tumor DX - MRI/CT Tx - Bromocriptine |
| Acromegaly | Pituitary adenoma secreting growth hormone DX - increase in insulin-like growth factor 1 and/or CT/MRI Tx- surgery or radiation to ablate enlarged pituitary, cotreotide for refractory tumor |
| DKA Treatment | Primary - IV Fluids Secondary - Insulin and K+ Tertiary - Add glucose to insulin drip if pt becomes normoglycemic |
| Adrenal Disorders | 1. Cushing's Syndrome 2. Adrenal Insufficiency 3. Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction 4. Adrenal Medulla |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Usually iatrogenic or because of pituitary adenoma (cushing's dz) Dx - 24 hour urine cortisol and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test Tx - Excision of tumor with post operative steroids |
| Adrenal Insufficiency | Primary - Addison's Secondary - decreased ACTH production by pituitary Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia Primary Dx - hyperpigmentation, increased ACTH, decreased cortisol response to ACTH Secondary Dx - Decreased ACTH, Increased cortisol response to ACTH Tx - cortisol replacement |
| Adrenal Medulla/Pheochromocytoma | Dx - increased urinary catechlamines, CT scan of adrenal gland Tx - Surgical excision after alpha blocker CCB for hypertensive crisis Rule of 10: 10% malignant, 10% bilateral, 10% Extra-adrenal |
| Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction | Primary = Conn's Syndrome HTN, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, alkalosis, decreased renin Dx - Increased aldosterone, decreased renin, CT Tx - Excision of adenoma, spironoloactone if bilateral hyperplasia, do not do bilater excision Secondary - due to renal hypoperfusion DX - increased renin |
| Male Gonadal Disorders | 1. Klinefelters 2. XYY Syndrome 3. Testicular feminization Syndrome 4. 5-alpha-reductase deficiency |
| Klinefelter's Syndrome | XXY DX - buccal smear analysis for presence of Barr Bodies Tx - testosterone supplements |
| XYY Syndrome | Mild MR, Severe Acne, Increase incidence of violence and antisocial behavior DX - karyotype analysis Tx - none |
| Testicular Feminization Syndrome | Female external genitalia with sterile, undescended testes Increase in testosterone, LH, and estrogen |
| 5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency | Ambiguous genitalia until puberty Testosterone and estrogen are normal Dx - genetic testing Tx - testosterone |
| Hypogonadal Disorders | 1. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 2. Prader-Willi Syndrome 3. laurence-Moon-Biedle syndrome 4. kallmann's syndrome |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 21-Alpha hydroxylase deficiency (17-hydroxyprogesterone will be increased) Salt loss Tx - Hormone replacement |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome | Paternal imprinting Floppy baby with short limbs, obesity, classic almond-shaped eyes with strabismus Dx - clinical or genetic analysis Tx - none |
| Laurence-Moon-Biedle Syndrome | Obese, normal craniofacies, MR, polydactyly Dx - clinical or genetic analysis Tx - None |
| Kallmann's Syndrome | Anosmia (can't smell) Decreased production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by hypothalamus DX - lack of circulating LH and FSH Tx - pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone - virilization |
| Thyroid Disorders | 1. Hyperthyroid - Graves', Plummer's/Toxic multinodular goiter, Toxic Adenoma, thyroiditis, 2. Hypothyroid - Hashimoto's, Subacute/DeQuervain's 3. Thyroid Malignancy - Papillary, Medullary, Follicular, Anaplastic |
| Grave's | Exopthalmos, pretibial myxedema +TSH antibodies Whole gland takes up radioactive iodine |
| Plummer's/Toxic Multinodular Goiter | Radioactive uptake in nodules only |
| Toxic Adenoma | One Nodule that has increased radioactive uptake Rest of gland does not |
| Hashimoto's | MC +Antimicrosomal Ab Lymphocytic infiltration |
| Subacute/DeQuervain's | Transient Hyperthyroid Viral inflammation with fever Enlarged, TENDER thyroid Hx of URI Tx - NSAIDs |
| Papillary Thyroid CA | Most common Ground-glass Orphan annie nucleus and psammoma bodies Tx - surgical excision |
| Medullary Thyroid CA | Calcitonin secreting |
| Follicular Thyroid CA | Blood-borne mets to bone and lungs |
| Anaplastic Thyroid CA | Poorest prognosis of any CA - 0% at 5 years |
| MEN 1 | 3 P's 1. Pituitary/Prolactinom 2. Parathyroid 3. Pancreatoma |
| MEN 2 | Pheo Medullary Thyroid CA Parathyroid hyperplasia or tumor |
| MEN 3 | Pheo Medullary Thyroid CA Mucocutaneous Neuromas (GI Tract mostly) |
| Factitious Hypoglycemia | Increased insulin level Decreased C-peptide and proinsulin levels |
| Dawn Phenomenon | Caused by growth hormone secretion in the morning 3 am glucose will reveal hyperglycemia Tx - by increasing NPH |
| Somogy Effect | Overtreated with NPH 3 am glucose will reveal hypoglycemia Patients will be hypoglycemic in the morning |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.