B1U2 Cartilage
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Anitatita817 on September 9, 2010
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Supportive connective tissue | - CTs that make up the skeletal framework of the body - consists of cartilage and bone - highly specialized - provide support for other soft tissues |
| Hyaline Cartilage | most prevalent; contains large round cells (chondrocytes) separated by a large amt. of ECM (pale blue, amorphous, can't see fibers); avascular matrix; surrounded by layer of perichondrium (dense irregular CT) |
| Chondrocyte | Cartilage fixed cell; mature (non-dividing); maintains existing ECM; difficult to distinguish |
| Chondroblast | cartilage fixed cell; 2+ cells in a single lacunae; secretes and lays down new additional ECM; capable of cell division; difficult to distinguish; have well-developed Golgi and rER characteristic of protein-secreting cells |
| Isogenous group | aka cell nest, where two or more cells are in a single lacuna or closely associated w/ each other; site where chondroblast has recently undergone cell division & begun to lay down new matrix; example of interstitial growth |
| Lacunae | small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes |
| interstitial growth | Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix to expand the cartilage from within; Growth from the inside; evidenced by isogenous groups |
| appositional growth | Cartilage forming cells from perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage; Growth from the outside |
| Perichondrium | Dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering cartilage |
| Fibrous layer | outer layer of perichondrium; dense irregular CT; vascularized and supplies nutrients to cartilage |
| Chondrogenic layer (of perichondium) | inner layer where cells of fibrous layer differentiate into chondroblasts and begin secreting ECM; appositional growth |
| Ground substance | The amorphous gel rich in proteoglycans (keeps the wandering cells out); bluish color results from acidic nature of sulfur groups; contains a territorial matrix and an interterritorial matrix |
| Territorial matrix | aka capsular matrix; part of cartilage matrix that directly surrounds the chondrocyte (basophilic); poor in collagen & rich in freshly secreted sulfated GAGs (chondroitin-4 and 6); darker blue staining |
| Interterritorial matrix | area between chondrocytes; lighter staining due to lower sulfur content |
| Proteoglycans | give matrix its characteristic structure; important for cartilage function; organization of proteoglycans in matrix is more organized than in CT proper |
| Aggrecan | predominant proteoglycan subunit, core protein w/ condroitin-4/6-suflate & keratan sulfate attached; bottle brush appearance |
| Proteoglycan aggregates | hyaluronic acid molecule w/ 100 aggrecan molecules attached which give the ground substance a gel-like character; Functions: diffuse nutrients, resist compression and be slippery (mother nature's teflon) |
| Chondronectin | Glycoprotein in cartilage responsible attaching cell membrane to ECM (using integrin) |
| Chondrocalcin | Glycoprotein in cartilage responsible for binding calcium to the ECM |
| Pericellular capsule | CANNOT SEE at LM level; forms meshwork of collagen (type 2) immediately adjacent to the lacuna; works in protecting cells from mechanical stresses |
| Location of Hyaline Cartilage | costal cartilage, trachea and bronchi of lungs, larynx and nasal cartilage, articular cartilage of synovial joints, fetal skeleton |
| Hyaline Cartilage Functions | structural support; withstand pressure and shear forces; slippery; capable of rapid growth |
| Development of cartilage | 1. Mesenchyme (low O2 region) chondroblast cells condense → procartilage 2. Procartilage secretes cartilage matrix (interstitial growth) |
| Elastic cartilage | Similar to hyaline cartilage (large, round widely scattered chondrocytes); contains randomly oriented elastic fibers and collagen II (secreted by chondrocytes); tolerates repeated bending better (external ear and the epiglottis) |
| Fibrocartilage | Chondrocyte (large, round and widely scattered) is principal fixed cell type; strong, densely packed collagen I fibers with little ground substance (looks like dense regular CT); in structures needing to withstand tension and pressure (pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, junction at attachment btw. tendon and bone) |
| annulus fibrosis | fibrocartilage found on outer layer of inervertebral disks |
| nucleus pulposis | gelatinous matrix inner portion of the intervertebral disc; shock absorber Herniated disc = extrusion of nucleus pulposis into spinal cord |
| Cartilage | found in regions requiring support in conjunction with tensile strength (fibrocartilage), elasticity (elastic cartilage), or relative rigidity (hyaline cartilage); functional characteristics carried out primarily by fibers and proteoglycans of the ECM |
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