Imperialism Vocabulary
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Created by:
nole16 on September 9, 2010
Subjects:
ib, ib vocabulary, ib history of the americas, imperialism vocabulary, imperialism, history of the americas, history vocab
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Manifest Destiny | America's idea that they were ordained by God to expand their territory |
| Imperialism | taking over and expanding territory over other people |
| Jingoism | extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy |
| Social Darwinism | an argument used to justify economic exploitation; the fittest survive |
| John Fiske | a historian and strong believer in Darwinism that believed and argued that the English "race" was destined to dominate the globe |
| Cuba Libre | Cuban independence and Cuban revolution, declared Cuba free but we still had full control of their decisions and money |
| "reconcentrado" | General Valeriano's policy of gathering Cubans behind Spanish lines in detention centers so that no one could join the insurrections by night and appear peaceful by day |
| General Valeriano Weyler | A Spanish general who was sent to crush the Cuban revolt. By using "brutal" methods, he caused uproar in the United States, who called for immediate action to help the Cubans |
| William Randolph Hearst | A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." |
| Joseph Pulitzer | publisher of "New York World" who used yellow journalism, was very critical of the Spanish; created his own prize |
| Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers |
| Depuy de Lome | Hearst's New York Journal published a letter stolen from this spanish minister to Washington , in which he described McKinley as "a cheap politician" and a "bidder for the admiration of the crowd". His letter also implied that the Spanish cared little about resolving the Cuban crisis through negotiation and reform. |
| "Maine" | an American battleship that was sent in order to help Americans in Cuba, exploded in the Havana Harbour in Cuba killing 266 men with 84 survivors; U.S. immediately blamed it on Spain, was the main cause of the Spanish-American War |
| Commodore George Dewey | appointed by Roosevelt to engage Spain's ships in the Philippines in case of war with his squadron; his squadron destroyed or captured all the Spanish warships in Manila Bay and was backed up by Army troops liberating Manila from Spanish control on August 13th, 1898 |
| Emiliano Aquinaldo | led Filipino insurrectionists to help Dewey's squadron liberating Manila |
| "splendid little war" | what future secretary of state John Hay called the Spanish-American War in a letter to Roosevelt; called that because it didn't cost very much |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the U.S. representatives, Spain also ceded the Phillipines. The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Declaration by US president James Monroe in 1823 that the US would not tolerate any European nation trying to establish a colony in the Americas, and that any attempt to do so would be regarded as a threat to US peace and security |
| Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble; gave the US Guantanamo Bay |
| Army Appropriations Bill of 1901 | Attached to the Platt Amendment that sharply restricted the new government's independence. |
| Guantanamo Bay | was given to the US through the Platt Amendment because Cuba was told by the US to sell or lease land to be used for coaling or naval stations, this naval base still remains in existence |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | went on a voyage between 1853-1854 that opened Japan to Western ways, and the island nation began modernization in earnest after the 1860s |
| "spheres of influence" | what China was broken up into for trade purposes in Europe; US was left out, therefore Open Door Policy; areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly |
| Open Door Policy | resembled the Monroe Doctrine in that it proposed China to keep open trade will all countries on an equal basis; Britain accepted but no one objected so Hay announced it had been put into affect |
| "Big Stick" Diplomacy | Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. |
| Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 | the negotiations where Britain gave its consent to the American plan to build the Panama Canal |
| Hay-Herran Treaty of 1903 | Had it been ratified, it would have allowed the United States a lease on a 6-mile wide strip across Panama (which was then part of Colombia) for $10 million and an annual payment of $250,000. It was ratified by the United States Senate on March 14, but it was not ratified by the Senate of Colombia, and did not go into effect. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | not only are the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States has the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries |
| Treaty of Portsmouth of 1905 | the agreement that Russia acknowledges Japan's "predominant political, military, and economic interests in Korea", both powers agreed to evacuate Manchuria |
| The Great White Fleet | A group of 16 gleaming white ships on a cruise around the world to display US's naval power. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | President Taft's efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries |
| "moral mandate" | excuse by president taft to explain why US had to intervene in Nicaragua |
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