Intro To Psychology So Far 9 25 10
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yoshinosparks on September 12, 2010
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215 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Goals of psychology | describe, predict, understand and influence/manipulate behavior are goals of? |
| The main concepts of psychology are | Theory, hypothesis and law are the main concepts of? |
| Theory | A tentative explanation for the behavior that you do not fully understand |
| Hypothesis | Predictions of the outcome based on the theory |
| Law | Proof/evidence, accepted as truth |
| Higher levels of the brain hormone Dopamine can cause | Schizophrenia can be caused by higher levels of this brain hormone |
| Lower levels of the brain hormone Dopamine can cause | Parkinsons disease can be caused by lower levels of this brain hormone in the brain |
| Higher levels of the brain hormone Seritonin can result in | Mania can be a result of higher levels of this hormone in the brain |
| Lower levels of this hormone in the brain can result in | Extreme depression can result form lower levels of this brain hormone in the brain |
| Wilhem Wundnt | A pioneer of psychology who proposed the philosophy of psychology known as structuralism, also the founder of the first psychological laboratory in 1879 and known as the father of experimental psychology |
| Interview factors include | Structuralism, introspection and experimental psychology are all important factors of this process |
| William James | psychology pioneer who proposed functionalism |
| Functionalism | Philosophy of psychology which emphasizes evaluation of functions of the human mind, creativity, problem solving, concept of self and memory |
| Pavlov and Watson | Pioneers of psychology who proposed the philosophy of psychology known as behaviorism |
| Behaviorism | A philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do—including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors |
| Herman Ebbinghaus | Pioneer of psychology who pursued studies of memory, short term memory and improving memory |
| Max Wertheimer | Pioneer of psychology who pursed studies on perception, meaning and interpretation |
| Positive Correlation | High level of correlation in gathered date |
| Negative correlation | Low level of correlation in gathered data |
| Zero correlation | no relationship is found between the gathered data |
| Relationships | These can help us predict behavior |
| Random sample | a group of people or subjects chosen at random to be part of an observational experiment |
| The experimental group in experimental research recieves what | Treatment is given to this experiment group during experimental research |
| The control group in experimental research does not recieve | Treatment is not given to this group who is part of experimental research |
| The placebo group receives what type of treatment in experimental research | This group recieves fake treatment in experimental research |
| Random assignment Subject B | absence of experimental conditon |
| Random assignment Subject A | has experimental condition |
| in the past mental illness was equated with | demon possession was what this illness was called in the past |
| Descriptive techniques of researching human behavior are | ... |
| The Survey method of descriptive psychological technique | Descriptive method is rapid, cheap, alot of data, introspective observations from the sample |
| The naturalistic method of descriptive psychology technique | Descriptive method uses observations of samples in their natural surroundings/habitat(Jane Goodall) |
| The clinical case study method of descriptive psychology technique | Descriptive method which uses the data from clinical case studies of persons to come to psychological theories (Frued) |
| Correlational methods in the field of Psychology utilize | Method which utilizes statistics but doesn't establish a cause of behavior(i.e. being a smoker = you will have lung cancer) |
| Three main factors of the experimental method of research in psychology are | Control and comparison of at least 2 groups Cause and effect measurement Independent and dependent variables |
| Independent variable(i.e. new drug given) | A treatment that is administered in an experimental group is known as a |
| Dependent variable(i.e. result obtained by new drug given) | The outcome or results of a study on an experimental group is known as the |
| The control group of an experimental study would recieve | The old drug would be given to this group in an experimental study |
| The placebo group in an experimental study would recieve | A fake drug would be given to this group in an experimental study |
| Blind research | Research done without the subject knowing which treatment they've received is known as |
| Placebo effect | the groups experiences with (fake)treatment received depend on suggestion and their expectations |
| APA Ethical guidelines regarding Human Experimentation | Freedom from coercion Informed Consent Confidentiality Debriefing Absence of description |
| Genetic transmission old theory was | Blood line was the old theory for |
| DNA | Discovered by Watson and Crick in 1955 |
| There are 46 chromosomes in | A gene has how many chromosomes |
| 23 pairs of chromosomes in | Each gene has how many chromosome pairs |
| XXY chromosome equals | Decreased testosterone in a male is a result of this chromosome combination |
| XYY chromosome equals | Increased testosterone is a result of this chromosome combination in a male |
| These begin to be released at puberty | Gametes begin to be released at? |
| Beyond age 35 means what regarding DNA | General deterioration of what starts after age 35 |
| Menstruation starts for females around what ages | At the age of 11 or 12 this process starts for females |
| Conception is known as | Pregnancy is also known as |
| Mitosis is | The division and replication of the nuclear material of the cell is known as |
| The Zygote is | The fertilized egg is known as |
| How many eggs are released every how many days for a female until menapause? | 1 of these is released every |
| How many genes in each human cell? | There are 40,000 of these in each human cell |
| Ovum aka | Egg aka |
| Where does fertilization of an egg occur | This process occurs in the fallopian tubes |
| Conception occurs when the egg has implanted itself here | Uterus implantation by the egg results in |
| All eggs contain | The large X is contained in all |
| in 1900 this theory was proposed | Gene theory was first proposed in what year |
| Monozygotic twins are known as? | Identical twins are also known as? |
| Disygotic twins are also known as? | Fraternal twins are known as? |
| Example of a dominant/strong gene | Brown eyes are an example of what type of genetic trait |
| An example of recessive/weak gene is | Blue eyes are an example of that type of genetic trait |
| Example of genetic mutation | Down syndrome is an example of |
| Peak fertility age range for male | This is at its peak for males from 12-80 years old |
| The Nervous system is | The system of communication for the human body is also known as |
| Neurons are | The basic units of the nervous system are |
| Neurons | These receive and transmit electrical impulses for the body and vary greatly in size |
| Types of neurons are | Afferent, Efferent and Associative are types of |
| The dendrite end of a neuron | This part of the neuron receives electrical impulses |
| The axon part of the neuron | This part of the neuron sends electrical impulses outward |
| What is the covering of the axon part of a neuron | The myelin sheath is the covering of what neuron part |
| Components of the brain | Hindbrain, Midbrain and Forebrain are parts of what organ |
| What is the most important part of the brain | The cerebrum is of what level of importance as a part of the brain |
| 10% of the population is | Left handed people make up what part of the population |
| What type of control scheme is illustrated by the L and R parts of the brain | A contra lateral control scheme is utilized by |
| Epilepsy is short circuit between these two parts of the brain | A short circuit between the L and R sides of the brain can result in this condition |
| Endocrine system is in charge of | Managing the movement of substances into the body is the job of this body system |
| Exocrine system is in charge of what in the body | This body system manages the movement of substances out of the body |
| How many neurons in the human body | There are 100 million of these units in the human body |
| Afferent Neuron | Signals from the sense organs to the CNS are sent via this type of neuron |
| Efferent Neuron | Signals from the CNS to the muscles and the glands are sent via this neuron type |
| Associative neuron | Neuron type in charge of connection between Afferent and Efferent Neuron chains |
| Conscious act | Associated with the brain |
| Reflex act | Associated with the spinal cord |
| Neuron | dendrite end then head with nucleus inside the axon tail which is surrounded by myelin sheath |
| Neuro Transmitters | These are produced by the axons of the neuron and pumped into the synapse/gap between neurons |
| Neural transmission | The process of electricity moving over the dendrites through to the axons of the neuron is known as |
| Synaptic transmission is | The electrical transmissions over the synapses is known as |
| The central nervous system is comprised of | The brain and the spinal cord comprise this body system known as |
| The peripheral nervous system is comprised of | The somatic and autonomic divisions are part of what part of the nervous system |
| Processes handled within the Somatic part of the nervous system are | Conscious voluntary movement of the body is handled by wat part of the peripheral nervous system |
| The Autonomic part of the peripheral nervous system | Unconcious actions and organ functions are handled by this part of the peripheral nervous system |
| The two divisions of the Autonomic peripheral nervous system section are | The sympathetic and the Parasympathetic are divisions of this peripheral nervous system |
| The Sympathetic division of the Autonomic | "Speeds up the body, fight or flight, too strong" |
| The Parasympathetic division of the Autonomic | "slows down the body, takes body back to resting state, too weak" |
| Social issues regarding brain research are | Genetic manipulation, organ transplant, surrogate parenting, test tube babies, psychosurgery, stem cell research and abortion are all what type of concerns relating to the brain |
| Hind Brain | Oldest part of the brain, smallest part, controls routine bio functions |
| Midbrain | Orientation of hearing and sight is handled by this brain part |
| Forebrain | The largest part of the brain, newest part, contains the Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Cerebrum |
| Thalamus in midbrain | Receives and relays sense organs signals |
| The hypothalamus in midbrain | Mid brain part which manages emotions and drive for a person |
| Cerebrum in midbrain | Is in charge of the thinking and logic aspects of mental function, contains the Corpus Collosum |
| Corpus Colusum | Part of the Cerebrum part of the mid brain, Left is positive, Right is negative |
| There are how many lobes/hemispheres for the brain | There brain has 4 of these |
| The four lobes/hemispheres of the brain are | Frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal are what? |
| Frontal lobe | speaking, language are attributed to this hemisphere/lobe of the brain. problem= mute |
| Parietal lobe | Tactile sensations, sense of touch are attributed to this hemisphere/lobe of the brain. Cant experience the enviroment. |
| Temporal lobe | Hearing ability is attributed to this lobe/hemisphere of the brai. damage=loss of hearing |
| Occipital lobe | Vision is attributed to this lobe/hemisphere. damage=loss of sight |
| Pituitary gland | known as the master gland controls all other glands to a certain extent, produces ACTH and Prolactin |
| ACTH. | Physical growth hormones also known as |
| Prolactin | Hormone from the pituitary gland, milk production and maternal instinct for females |
| Too much or too little ACTH | Too much of this Pituitary gland produced hormone equals giantism, too little equals dwarfism |
| Adrenal glands | Gland attributed to emotional arousal fight or flight. Produces stress hormones, epinephrine, nor epinephrine, cortisol. Effects BP, P and R |
| Islets of Langerhaus/Pancreas regulates? | This gland/ area regulates BMP(basil metabolic rate) for body. Produces Thryroxin, regulates BS levels, glucagen increases BS, insulin decreases BS |
| Thyroxin diffecency is linked to | Mental retardation is linked to this hormone produced by the Islets of Langerhaus/Pancreas |
| The glandular system consists of what glands | The pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the islet of langerhaus and the thyroid gland are all part of this system |
| DM 1 | Ages 5-19 for which type of DM |
| DM 2 | By 35 yrs of age for what type of DM |
| Introspection | Self report of the subject(Wundt) |
| Expirimental Psychology | Founder of this type of psychology was Wilhem Wundt |
| Max Wertheimer | Research on persception, meaning, interpretation(Gastalt psychiatrist) |
| Herman Ebbingaus | Studies of memory, short term memory, long term memory. |
| Pavlov and Watson | Performed studies of behaviorism, one of them proposed behaviorism |
| William James | Functionalism pioneer(functionalism includes human mind function i.e. creativity, problem solving, concept of self, behavior) |
| Binet | created the first standardized testing for human intelligence |
| Frued equals | Psycho analysis equals which psychologist? |
| Bandura | Studied role modeling i.e child observes and immitates behavior of adult or other significant person |
| Rogers and Maslow shared what belief structure? | They were humanists, humanist believe that people are basically good, rational, logical, have free will, can make own decisions. |
| Humanists | Proposes that people are good, rational, logical, have a free will, are able to make decisions. |
| Survey Method equals | Examples and problems are the two main parts of this descriptive technique? |
| Naturalistic observation method practitioner | Jane Goodall was? |
| Clinical Case Case Study Method | Mettod of psychological study in which a of sample of one person in a clinical situation, founder was Frued |
| Correlational Method of psychological study | Method of psychological study which uses statistical relationships of one group but doesnt establish cause of behaviors for that group is? |
| The Experimental Method of psychological research is? | Psychological study method which uses at least two groups a control group and an experimental group, possibly a placebo group as well to control and compare each group and study cause and effect is? |
| Independant variable in Experimental Method is? | Treatment that is administered in the experimental group is known as? |
| Dependant variable in the experimental group method of study refers to? | The outcome results of a study using Experimental group study method is known as? |
| Debriefing | Sharing of data collected during the study with the patient/sample is called? |
| Gametes are? | The sex cells.of males and females are known as? |
| Formation of a Zygote equals | A one celled organism, the sex cell for both male and female, is called? |
| Nature vs nurture in human traits is referring to? | Genetics vs the environment as cause of a humans traits is also known as what argument? |
| Nature | Genetics are cause of human traits is known as? |
| Nurture | Environment is the cause of human traits is known as? |
| Monozygotic twins are the same due to? | Nature is the determining factor for this type of twin? |
| Dizygotic twins are the simular due to? | Environment is the determining factor for any identicil characteristics in these type of twins? |
| Diseases with known genetic predisposition are? | A person can be what in regards to Scizophrenia and Alziemers? |
| Sex is determined by what chromosomal pair? | The 23rd pair of these determines what? |
| Contralateral control is? | A pattern in which the left half of the brain controls the right half of the body, and the right half of the brain controls the left half of the body is known as? |
| The Medula and The Medulla Oblongata? | The brain parts that regulate the BP, HR, Resp, Blood circulation(damage to these likely means death)? |
| Cerebellum is responsible for? | Brain part responsible for balance, equilibrium, coordination and muscle control is? |
| Broca and Wernickes areas are parts of the cerebral cortex linked since the late nineteenth century to speech. | Functions linked to speech production are linked to these brain parts? |
| Perception | Is interpretation of sensory inforwithin the brain(Perception pioneered by Wertheimer, Gestalt psychologist) Unit 2 Test 2 |
| Perception pioneer in psychology | Max Wertheimer, gestalt psychologist was Unit 2 Test 2 |
| Sensation | The sense organs ability to receive and transmit in from from the outside world to the brain is known as Unit 2 Test 2 |
| Consciousness | State of awareness of self and external reality is known as Unit 2 Test 2 |
| Regarding sensations people are somewhat alike or different? | Somewhat alike Unit 2 Test 2 |
| Regarding perception are people alike or different | People are different in how they perceive compared to how another person perceives Unit 2 Test 2 Unit 2, 9/22 |
| The major senses involved in sensation are | Visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, olfactory are major "" used to experience a sensation? (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| The minor senses involved with the experience of sensation are | Vestibular and Kinesthetic are (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Vestibular system | coordinates information from the vestibular organs in the inner ear, the eyes, muscles and joints, fingertips and palms of the hands, pressors on the soles of the feet, jaw, and gravity receptors on the skin and adjusts heart rate and blood pressure, muscle tone, limb position, immune responses, arousal and balance (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Kinesthetic | -adj of kinesthesia- The sense that detects bodily position, weight, or movement of the muscles, tendons, and joints (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| The world is actually | Silent and black and white (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Main terms of Sensation | Transduction, Selective attention, absolute threshold, difference threshold and sensory adaption are main terms of (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Transduction | It is the transformation of one form of energy to another. In psychology, transduction refers to the nervous system. (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Selective attention | The ability to maintain a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli. Therefore it incorporates the notion of "freedom from distractibility. (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Absolute threshold | It is the smallest detectable level of a stimulus. (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Difference Threshold(aka Webers Law) | It is the smallest detectable difference between a starting and secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus. (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Sensory adaption | When our body adapts our senses to our surroundings (i.e. the water is still hot but our body has adjusted to it, pain receptors tire and start to shut down during child birth)is known as? (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Laws of perception are | Perceptual constancy, Figure ground relationship, Law of proximity, Law of continuity, Subliminal perception are all laws of? (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Perceptual constancy | Is the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, colour, or location regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Figure ground relationship | The ability to differentiate visually between an object and its background. (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Law of proximity | A Gestalt principle of organization holding that (other things being equal) objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Law of continuity | The principle that nothing passes from one state to another without passing through all the intermediate states (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| The "mind" encompasses | Conscious mind, pre conscious mind and unconscious mind are all part of (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Pre conscious mind | All the info you have stored away that YOU CAN ACCESS if you want to is (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Unconscious | Everything you have ever experienced that is stored in your brain is (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Methods of altering and changing consciousness are | Hypnotic state, Meditation, Depersonalization, Near death and Subliminal are (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Hypnotic state | A state of increased suggestability is (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Meditation | A state of very deep relaxation (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Depersonalization | Faulty body image(anorexia and bolemia are examples) (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Near death experience | Almost dying or being dead for a few minutes (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Subliminal | Unconscious input (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Drug types | Inhalents, depressant, stimulant, hallucinogen (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Inhalants | a broad range of drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Depressant | are psychoactive drugs which temporarily diminish the function or activity of a specific part of the body or mind (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Stimulant | are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Hallucinogen | classes of psychoactive drugs have in common that they can cause subjective changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Types of hallucinogens | atropine, peyote (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Types of stimulants | Caffiene, Amphetamines, Nicotine, Cocaine (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Types of depressants | Alcohol, Barbituates, Benzodizapenes (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Types of inhalants | Gas, Kerosine, Acitone, Propane (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| How are drugs taken | Injestion, smoke, drink, injection, topical and inhalation are all methods of taking? (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| The method of administration effects | A drugs experience is effected by (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Drugs are used, misused and abused | (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| ... | (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| ... | (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| ... | (Unit 2 Test 2) |
| Transduction | Transfer of one type of energy into another |
| Increase the selective attention of a person | The Intensity, the novelty, a persons personal attachment and repitition of something effect what in a person |
| Psychophysics | This measures the sensitivity of the sense organs and measures the characteristics of certain stimuli |
| Webers law example | new amount of weight divided by old amount of weight equals detectable difference |
| Light waves | Color/wavelength, brightness/amplitude |
| Process of transduction | The retina changes light energy into electrical energy is an example of |
| Cones | Daylight |
| Rods | Night |
| Rods take 30min to adjust to darkness | ... |
| Poor Rods = | Night blindness is due to(may be caused by VItamin A difficency, Lutien diffeciency) |
| Structure of the eye | cornea iris pupil lens retina fovea optic nerve occipital lobe |
| Fovea | The area of clearest vision |
| Retina | photo receptors |
| Cornea | outer protective coating of eye |
| Pupil | Hole in the iris through which light passes |
| Iris | Regulates amount of light entering the eye |
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