| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Four Characteristics of living things | 1) metabolic processes, 2) control processes, 3) Generative processes, 4) Responsive processes |
| Spontaneous generation | At the beginning of historical times, greeks, romans, chinese thought that life originated from nonliving material. |
| Biogenesis | living organisms only come from other living organisms. |
| Many scientists believed the earth was formed | 4 billion years ago. |
| Over millions of years ago the volcanic activity released what? Known as what? | water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen. There was no free oxygen. This was termed a reducing atmosphere. |
| What are the four theories of how macromolecules formed from simple amino acids and sugars? | 1) a portion of the early ocean was seperated from the rest and began to evaporate. 2) the simple organic molecules could have been concentrated by freezing. 3) clay particles could have attracted and concentrated the simple organic copounds. 4) new theory- the origin of life began at volcanic vents at the bottom of the ocean. |
| What are prebionts | nonliving structures that led to the first living cells. |
| what idd a prebiont consist of? and formed a what? | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, formed a coacervate |
| what was a coacervate? | a membrane around water molecule |
| Coacervates | have a tendency to absorb substances from the surrounding solution, have an orderly arrangement of maromolecules, can grow, can divide |
| What is a reducing atmosphere? | no oxygen. |
| now it is widely believed that the first living cells developed through spontaneous generations in a _________ | reducing atmosphere |
| The first primitive cells were? | heterotrophs-require a source of organic material to survive. |
| since there was no oxygen in the atmosphere yet the heterotrophs were | anarobic-don't need oxygen to ssurvive. |
| so over time some heterotrophs made food from ________ an were mutated to ______? | sunlight, autotrophs. |
| what is an oxidyzing atmosphere? | contains oxygen. |
| the original cells were? | prokaryotes (dna but not in nucleus) |
| it is thought that eukaryotes were evolved from prokaryotes through? | enodsymbiosis |
| All organisms from bacteria to humans have many thigs in common such as? | 1) dna is the universal genetic material, 2) proteins serve as structural material and enzymes, atp is the source of energy, 4) all have the same "building blocks" |
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