| Term | Definition |
|---|
| large | adoption to gas exchange of alveoli: ______ total surface area |
| cells | adoption to gas exchange of alveoli: wall consisting of single layer of flattened _________ |
| moist | adoption to gas exchange of alveoli: _____ lining |
| capillaries | adoption to gas exchange of alveoli: dense network of ____________ |
| cell respiration | controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from cells; uses oxygen |
| gas exchange | exchange of gases between an organism and its surroundings; includes uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide in animals |
| ventilation | pumping air into and out of lungs efficiently; maintains concentration gradient for diffusion |
| ventilation system | needed to maintain concentration gradient in the alveoli |
| diaphragm | sheet of muscle attached to the body wall at the base of the rib- cage, separating thorax from abdomen |
| inhalation | during ___________, diaphragm muscles contract, flattening diaphragm and pushing down contents of abdomen |
| exhalation | during ________, diaphragm muscles relax; pressure from abdominal contents pushes diaphragm into a dome shape |
| inhalation | during _________, external intercostal muscles contract, moving rib cage up and out |
| exhalation | during _________, external intercostal muscles relax |
| exhalation | during _________, internal intercostal muscles contract, moving rib cage down and in |
| inhalation | during _________, internal intercostal muscles relax |
| inhalation | during _________, volume of thoracic cavity increases |
| exhalation | during _________, volume of thoracic cavity decreases |
| inhalation | during _________, air pressure of thoracic cavity falls below atmospheric pressure |
| exhalation | during _________, air pressure of thoracic cavity rises above atmospheric pressure |
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