| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Tariff of 1816 | A protective tariff (first one ever for US) designed to help American industries (1816) |
| Henry Clay's American System | Plan for economic growth: establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country's transporation system |
| Panic of 1819 | First major financial crisis in the United States, ends post-War of 1812 expansion |
| Fletcher v. Peck | First time the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid (1810) |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court case: said that states did not have power to tax the national bank, reinforced supremacy of federal laws over state laws (1819) |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward | The Marshall Court struck down a state law (that changed Dartmouth College from a privately chartered college into a public institution) as unconstitutional; said that states have no power over private contracts (1819) |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court case: said that regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government (1821) |
| Tallmadge amendment | Would have prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and would have mandated the emancipation of slaves’ offspring born after the state was admitted (1819) |
| Missouri Compromise | Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820) |
| Rush-Bagot Agreement | Limited naval armament on the Great Lakes and placed limits on Canadian border fortification; major disarmament pact between Britain and US (1817) |
| Treaty of 1818 | Provided for joint occupation of Oregon with Britain |
| Florida Purchase Treaty | Spain ceded Florida and other claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas (1819) |
| Monroe Doctrine | Foreign policy declaration opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers |
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