Plant science test 1 study Guide
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Created by:
JoeWiesehanMizzou on September 13, 2010
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the difference between agronomy and horticulture? | Agronomy is large scale crop production- mechanized |
| Is agronomy or Horticulture mechanized? | agronomy |
| What do horticulture and agronomy occur on? Which one is large scale and which one is small scale? | horticulture- small agronomy- large |
| Explain differences in plants and animals and similarities | Differences: 1.Plants have cell walls- Animals do not 2. plants are usually rooted in one place and do not move on their own 3. Plants can make their own food- animals can not 4. Plants can make oxygen and take in carbon dioxide given off by animals -animals give off carbon dioxide which plants need to make food and animals take in oxygen to breathe 5. Plants have either no or very little ability to sense- Animals have a much more developed sensory and nervous system Similarities: 1. both undergo cellular respiration 2. mitosis and meiosis 3. both require water to survive and both have cells 4. both have vascular system and use energy 5. both reproduce 6. both grow and develop |
| How are humans dependent on plants? | plants for food- daily needs- oxygen- medicine |
| Why are humans dependent on plants? (for what exactly) | Food- daily needs- oxygen- medicine |
| What does Genus, Species, and Cultivar tell us? | Genus similar genetics Species- slight differences (such as short or tall) Cultivar- a cultivated variety of a plant that has been deliberately selected for specific desirable characteristics |
| Who came up with the idea of classifying plants into Genus, Species, Cultivar? | Carolus Linnaeus |
| What does Parthenocarpic mean? | When fruit develops from absence of pollination and fertilization |
| What common plant is like this? (Parthenocarpic) | bananas- seedless watermelons |
| What are the basic parts of the plants? | Cuticle- epidermis- stomata- stems- guard cells |
| Explain leaf arrangements and margins | alternating-back and forth up and down the stem opposite- straight across from each other whirled- going in a circle around stem all connecting at one point basil rosette- p. 18 Margins- outside edge of leaflet |
| What is at every node? | a dormant growing point called a bud |
| Identify the difference in shape of leaves | Monocot smooth edges- dicot sharp jagged edges Page 15 |
| What is exocarp | outer layer of the fruit wall- forms skin of a peach or a grape |
| what is endocarp | hard inner layer of the pericarp- such as the pit of a peach |
| What is mesocarp | middle layer of pericarp, fleshy part of certain fruits (drawing on lab 3) |
| Be able to locate exocarp, endocarp, and mesocarp on a diagram. | Lab 3 diagram- exocarp most outer part- mesocarp middle part endocarp most inner part (pit) |
| What is a fibrous root? | roots that spread out everywhere in smaller roots instead of one main root- more anchorage and more surface area to get water |
| What is a tap root? | one main root that goes straight down with a few stragglers |
| Where are most of the plant roots found? | between first 24 inches of the top soil |
| What are the parts of the roots? | Root cap- acts as a helmet (protects growing point) Root hair- where absorption occurs- water is picked up on the root hairs- 400x smaller than human hair Meristem- where growth occurs right above the root cap Root apical Meristem- Where new cell growth starts- right above the root cap Region of elongation- vacuoles swell, enlarging new cells Region of Maturation- cells become specialed |
| What is the difference between monoecious vs. dioecious? | Monoecious plants- 1 house both male and female flowers (5-1 ratio of males to one female for making fruit in cucumbers) one plant Diocecious- 2 houses (2 plants) one male one female- they want to have sex- produce many or few offspring (examples: holly, Ginkgo, Spinach, Asparagus, persimmons) |
| Which has both male and female parts?monoecious vs. dioecious | Monoecious |
| How do Gymnosperms and Angiosperms differ? | Angiosperms: noticable flowers- protective structure- food crops Gmnosperms: obscure flowers- little protection (making seed not enclosed)- few food crops- produce naked seed |
| How do Gymnosperms and Angiosperms reproduce? | Gymnosperm- they reproduce by dropping seeds out of their cones -- ferns and conifers Angiosperms- flowering, they pollinate them self- asexual |
| What is the difference between Pollination and Fertilization? | Pollination- is a transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma Fertilization- is a combining of egg and sperm |
| What all does pollination include? | the transfer of pollen to a stigma |
| What all does fertilization include? | an egg and sperm combining 2 male parts and 3 female parts but only one female part has egg |
| What does poison ivy look like? | three leaves, compound leaf- goes through change of color- looses leaves in fall |
| How can you get poison Ivy? | have to touch it- unless you inhale smoke that has it- it will stay on foreign objects for 1 year |
| How severely can poison ivy harm you? | it can kill you |
| Describe the ways that plants receive water to receive nutrients. (water movements) give examples | xylem moves water up- phloem moves nutrients/food down Salt allows water to move in one direction or the other Transpirational pull- pull water to top of plant- tube gets smaller acts like a straw Cohesion- where water molecules stick together adhesion- where water sticks to something else Pez example- when one water droplet is used the space that has been used is taken up by another water droplet like Pez |
| Lab: (Soilless Media) What is it used for? | to produce a growing media- it is used for growing plants indoor |
| Lab: (Asexual Propagation) Explain the most common methods of asexual propagation. | Not using seed - it is a cut from the plant and then you put the growing hormone on it |
| Lab: (Asexual Propagation) What are some pros and cons of asexual propagation? | Pro- small piece of a plant becomes an entire new plant- species could adapt to environment easier Con- 2 parents have to be invoved roots must be generated which does not usually happen (adventitious roots) |
| Lab: (Flower Dissection) Identify the male and female parts of a flower | (be able to identify them on a picture) |
| Lab: (Flower Dissection) What are the male parts and functions of a plant? | Male part stamen- pollen producing male organ (made up of anther and filament) -anthers- pollen bearing part of stamen -filaments- hair like stalk that anther sits on top of |
| Lab: (Seed Sowing) Explain the process of Germination | 1. When a seed is exposed to the right conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat. 2. embryo's cells start to enlarge 3. seed breaks open and a root emerges- followed by a shoot that contains stem and leaves |
| Lab: (Seed Sowing) What are the requirements for germination to take place? | Healthy seeds, Soil, planting depth, Moisture, Light, Warmth, Patience |
| Can flowers have all male parts, all female parts or a combination? | Yes |
| What are flowers with only male or only female parts called? | Imperfect (cucumbers, pumpkin, and melons) |
| Flowers with both male and female parts are called what? | perfect (roses, lilies, dandelion) |
| Frost season is around what time | October- about February or march |
| What is bolting? | Bolting is when a plant is mostly leaf based changes to mostly flower and seed based |
| Why are homegrown tomatoes better than store bought? | Store bought are picked before they are ripe They are also treated with chemicals so they will become ripe on the trip to the store from the factory |
| If poison ivy does not actually poison you how does it infect people? | when the oil touches the skin many people develop an allergic reaction which causes a rash |
| Cuticles are located where? | on the outer part of the epidermis |
| How long does it take for banana plants to harvest? | 9 months |
| What are female parts of plant and what are the functions? | Female part -Pistil- reproduction -stigma- sticky surface at top of pistil (provides a space for pollen to land) -style- long stalk that stigma sits on top of -ovary- has the seeds inside and turns them into fruit, holds the ovule's -Ovule- part of ovary that becomes a seed |
| Other important parts of flowers/plants are? | Petals- attract pollinators and are usually reason we but flowers Sepals- green petal like parts at the base of the flower (helps protect developing bud) |
| petiole | connects leaf to the stem |
| Capilarity | combination of cohesion and adhesion due to gravity |
| Solonacea family | most of the family members are poisonous- tomato and potatoes are in this family |
| Angiosperm | any flowering plant- Reproduce by self pollination- cross pollination- and by wind, bees.....- has a ovary |
| gymnosperm | ferns (produce spores on under of leaves)- conifers (produce needles and cones) |
| What is Promology? | study of fruit production |
| What is olericulture | study of vegetable production |
| What is arbroculture | study of trees |
| What is videculture | study of grapes |
| Horticulture in latin | garden cultivation- not to cultivate garden |
| A wind pollinated plant would have what type of seeds | dry |
| A fruit is a... | ovary not ovule |
| Tomatoes originated where | in Peru |
| Cultivar is | written in English- rare type of plant that has been created and maintained through cultivation |
| Cambium does what | makes new xylem |
| Maple trees can pollinate what | Tomatoes (anything) |
| Many diff. species of plants bloom at the same time- 2 major mechanisms that a plant notices the right pollen to use is? | Lock: right shape Key: chemical |
| Root examples: (types of food) | carrots, beats, sweet potato |
| Drupe examples: (types of food) | peaches, apricot |
| Berry: (types of food) | tomato, blueberry |
| Pome: (types of food) | apple, pear |
| What does a berry have? | Ovary- multiple seeds- Heperidium- pepos |
| What is hesperidium? | all citrus- all have leathery peel with oil |
| What is pepos? | Hard rine (cucumber, watermelon) hard rine made of exo and mesocarp |
| What are sinks? | The carbohydrate requiring locations |
| What is source to sink movement? | process of carbohydrate transfer |
| What are primary sinks? part of plant | roots- carbs can be stored there for future use |
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