Organic Chemistry: A Short Course - chapter 3
About this set
Created by:
aliciafeliz on September 13, 2010
Subjects:
organic chemistry, chemistry, science, alkene, alkyne
Description:
Organic Chemistry: A Short Course (2003 edition)
David J. Hart, Harold Hart, Leslie E. Craine
Houghton Mifflin
ISBN-13: 9780618215362
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alkene | hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond |
| alkyne | hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon triple bond |
| enyne | hydrocarbon with at least one double and one triple bond |
| common name for propene | propylene |
| common name for ethene | ethylene |
| common name for ethyne | acetylene |
| vinyl | CH₂ = CH - |
| allyl | CH₂ = CH - CH₂ - |
| olefins | alternative (older) name for alkenes; widely used in industry |
| acetylenes | alternative (older) name for alkynes |
| general formula for acyclic alkenes | CnH₂n |
| general formula for acyclic alkynes | CnH₂n-₂ |
| cumulated alkenes | alkenes with adjacent double bonds at least once in a molecule |
| conjugated alkenes | alkene in which two double bonds are separated a single carbon-carbon bond |
| isolated (nonconjugated) alkene/alkyne | alkene/alkyne with two or more sets of multiple bonds separated by more than two single carbon-carbon bonds |
| structural isomerism | molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas |
| spatial isomers | isomers with the same structural formula, but different arrangement of the atoms in space |
| cis/trans isomerisms in cycloalkanes | a kind of spatial isomerism involving the placement of side groups on either side of a ring |
| steric hindrance | lack of freedom of side groups to move to either side of a ring (or other structure) due to adjacent atoms with their electron clouds filling up the surrounding space |
| configurational isomers | spatial isomers that are truly different molecules with no spontaneous interconversions possible between them |
| cis/trans isomerism in alkenes | a type of spatial isomerism involving the placement of side groups on either side of a multiple bond |
| conformations | spatial isomers which fairly easily interconvert at normal conditions |
| eclipsed conformation | conformation with branch atoms/groups along the same line of sight |
| staggered conformation | conformation with branch atoms/groups not along the same line of sight |
| molecular projection | an attempt to show on 2D paper the 3D spatial structure of a molecule |
| chair conformation | conformation of cyclohexane in which all the carbon-carbon bond angles equal 109.5° |
| puckered conformation | a conformation in which a molecular ring is warped or bent to accommodate certain bond angles |
| boat conformation | a puckered conformation for cyclohexane in which all carbon-carbon bonds are at 109.5° but is less stable than the chair conformation |
| equatorial bonds | bonds of hydrogens or substituents in the average plane of the ring |
| axial bonds | bonds of hydrogens or substituents perpendicular to the plane of the ring |
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