anatomy 1
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102 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abdominal cavity | the cavity containing the major viscera |
| accessory organs | organs that food does not pass through and produce enzymes for digestion |
| alimentary canal | digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus |
| amniotic sac | a fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects a developing embryo and fetus in the uterus |
| amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches |
| anatomical position | erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms facing forward, head facing forward |
| anterior | of or near the head end or toward the front plane of the body |
| anus | excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal |
| ascending colon | the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon |
| bile | a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
| blastocyte | an undifferentiated embryonic cell |
| blastula | early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum |
| caudal | (of quadrupeds) situated in or directed toward the part of the body from which the tail arises |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| chemical digestion | the digestion process in which enzymes are used to break foods into their smaller chemical buiding blocks |
| cleavage | (embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum |
| cloaca | a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm leave the body |
| coelum | fluid-filled body cavity lined with mesoderm |
| colon | the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum |
| coronal | divides the body into front and back |
| cranial | of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain |
| crop | a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food |
| deep | having great spatial extension or penetration downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or laterally or outward from a center |
| descending colon | the part of the large intestine that descends from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon |
| development | (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically |
| diaphragm | (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| differentiation | (biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function |
| distal | situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone |
| dorsal | belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part |
| dorsal cavity | one long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body |
| duodenum | the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum |
| ectoderm | the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue |
| egg | animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes |
| embryo | an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life |
| endoderm | the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems |
| esophagus | the passage between the pharynx and the stomach |
| fallopian tube | either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus |
| female | an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa) |
| fertilization | creation by the physical union of male and female gametes |
| fetus | an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal |
| gall bladder | stores bile |
| gametes | sex cells |
| gastrulation | the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells |
| gizzard | thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food |
| growth | (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically |
| homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| Ileum | the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum |
| inferior | lower than a given reference point |
| jejunum | the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum |
| large intestine | beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum |
| lateral | lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body |
| lipase | an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream |
| liver | large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity |
| male | an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova) |
| mechanical digestion | Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down food |
| medial | relating to or situated in or extending toward the middle |
| mesentry | membrane that holds small intestine to abdominal wall |
| mesoderm | the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue |
| microvilli | projections that increase the cell's surface area |
| morula | a solid mass of blastomeres that forms when the zygote splits |
| mouth | the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge |
| movement | a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something |
| neurulation | development of the nervous system |
| organ | a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function |
| organogenesis | The stage of human development during which the organs are formed. Organogenesis begins after gastrulation and is completed by the eight week of gestation. |
| pancreas | a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach |
| Parietal | of or relating to or associated with the parietal bones in the cranium |
| pelvic cavity | the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera |
| pericardial | located around the heart or relating to or affecting the pericardium |
| pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| peritoneal | of or relating to or affecting the peritoneum |
| peritoneum | a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera |
| pharynx | the passage to the stomach and lungs |
| placenta | the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus |
| pleura | the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest |
| pleural | of or relating to the pleura or the walls of the thorax |
| pleuroperitoneal | a term denoting the pleural and peritoneal serous membranes or the cavities they line |
| posterior | at or near the hind end in quadrupeds or toward the spine in primates |
| primitive streak | a structure that forms during the early stages of development and is the structure that will establish bilateral symmetry, determine the site of gastrulation and initiate germ layer formation |
| protease | any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis |
| proximal | situated nearest to point of attachment or origin |
| rectum | the terminal section of the alimentary canal |
| reproduction | the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring |
| sagittal | located in a plane that is parallel to the central plane of the sagittal suture |
| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; the parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual glands |
| serosa | a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body |
| small intestine | the longest part of the alimentary canal |
| sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) | chemical compound released by the pancreas into the small intestine which neutralizes the acidity of the chyme |
| sperm | the male reproductive cell |
| superficial | involving a surface only |
| superior | above |
| teeth | the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal |
| thoracic cavity | the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart |
| tissue | a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function |
| tongue | a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity |
| transverse | extending or lying across |
| transverse colon | the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon |
| uterus | a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females |
| ventral | nearest to or facing toward the axis of an organ or organism |
| villi | tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine |
| visceral | relating to or affecting the viscera |
| yolk | nutritive material of an ovum stored for the nutrition of an embryo (especially the yellow mass of a bird or reptile egg) |
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