| Term | Definition |
| three-fifths compromise | rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation |
| Anne Hutchinson | banished by Massachusetts Bay official for challenging gender roles and Puritan orthodoxy. |
| Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. |
| Stamp Act (1765) | tax on all paper materials , enacted by Parliament to raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies |
| Kent State University | site of 1970s demonstration by African American, Hispanic, and White students in support of affirmative action that helped draw public attention to the issue. |
| Perfectionism (in mid-19c) | faith in human capacity to achieve a better life on earth through conscious acts of will |
| Congress of Industrial Organizations | unionized unskilled and semiskilled factory workers |
| Open Door Policy (in China) | called for equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in china;, Idea that all nations should have equal trading rights in China. Is ultimately a failure because no-one followed it |
| Shays' Rebellion | frightened many Americans when debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts, an armed uprise from farmers about taxes |
| Jamestown | 1st permanent English setttlement in the New World founded by a joint-stock company anxious to return a profit to investors |