| Term | Definition |
|---|
| intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| factor analysis | statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test |
| general intelligence (g) | general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test |
| savant syndrome | condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill |
| emotional intelligence | ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
| creativity | ability to produce a novel and valuable idea |
| intelligence test | method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores |
| mental age | measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; chronological age that most typically corresponds to a give level of performance |
| Standford- Binet | widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100 |
| aptitude test | test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn |
| achievement test | test designed to assess what a person has learned |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test | the WAIS is the most used intelligence test |
| standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group |
| normal curve | symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes |
| reliability | extent to which a test yields, consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test |
| validity | extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is suppose to |
| content validity | extent to which test samples the behavior that is of interest (like a driving test that samples driving skills) |
| criterion | the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (SATs) is designed to predict |
| predictive validity | success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict |
| mental retardation | condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below |
| Down syndrome | condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup |
| stereotype threat | self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
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