| Term | Definition |
|---|
| drive reduction theory | the theory that our behavior is motivated by biological needs |
| primary drives | biological needs such as thirst |
| secondary drives | learned drives such as money |
| arousal theory | the theory that states that we seek an optimum level of excitement or arousal |
| Yerkes-Dodson law | a law that with a high level of arousal, we might perform well at an easy task, but fail at a difficult task |
| opponent-process theory | the theory that states that people are usually at a normal, or baseline, state |
| lateral hypothalamus | stimulates animals to eat |
| ventromedial hypothalamus | causes animals to stop eating |
| set-point theory | the theory that states that the hypothalamus wants to maintain a certain optimum body weight |
| externals | people who are motivated to eat by external food cues, such as attractiveness or availability of food |
| internals | people who are motivated to eat by internal hunger cues |
| Garcia effect | occurs whenever nausea is paired with either food or drink |
| bulimia | eat large amounts of food in a short period of time and then get rid of the food by vomiting |
| anorexia nervosa | starve to below 85 percent of the normal body weight and refuse to eat due to obsession with weight |
| initial excitement | genital areas become engorged with blood |
| plateau phase | genitals secrete fluids in preparation for coitus |
| orgasm | rhythmic genital contractions |
| resolution phase | repiration and heart rate return to normal resting states |
| achievement motivation | examines our desires to master complex tasks and knowledge and to reach personal goals, sometimes regardless of the benefits of the skills or knowledge |
| extrinsic motivators | rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves |
| intrinsic motivators | rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction |
| theory X | managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment |
| theory Y | managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive |
| approach-approach conflict | occurs when you must choose between two desirable outcomes |
| avoidance-avoidance conflict | occurs when you must choose between two unattractive outcomes |
| approach-avoidance conflict | exists when one event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features |
| multiple approach-avoidance conflict | must choose between two or more things, each of which has both desirable and undesirable features |
| William James and Carl Lange | they theorized that we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress |
| Walter Cannon and Philip Bard | they theorized that the biological change and the cognitive awareness of the emotional state occur simultaneously |
| Two-factor theory | theory that demonstrates that emotion depends on the interaction between two factors, biology and cognition |
| Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe | designed one of the first instruments to measure stress |
| Hans Seyle | he came up with the general adaptation syndrome |
| general adaptation syndrome | describes the general response animals have to a stressful event |
| alarm reaction | organism readies itself by activating the sympathetic nervous system |
| resistance | hormones are released to maintain the state of readiness |
| exhaustion | the parasympathetic system returns our state to normal |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace