| Term | Definition |
|---|
| lung imp site of contact with sub in envir b/c | extensive SA, high blood flow, thin alveolar epithelium |
| occup lung dis (OLD) classified by | clinical presentation, types of exposures, type of industry |
| most OLDs and ELDs are difficult to distinguish from | nonenvironmental disorders |
| a given sub in workplace can cause | more than one clinical/pathological disease |
| etiology of many lung dis is | multifactorial; occup factors can interact with others like smoking and asbestos workers |
| the dose commonly affects | the incidence rather than severity |
| effects of exposure occur after exposure with a predictable | latency interval |
| acute dis (occupation asthma) | short interval b/w exposure and clinical manifestations |
| chronic dis (chronic beryllium dis) | long latency periods between 1st exposure and manifestations |
| primary exposure of asbestos related lung disease | miners and millers |
| secondary exposure of asbestos related lung disease | manufacturing plants using asbestos in production |
| nonmalignant pleural manifestations | pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, rounded atelectasis, acute benign pleural effusions |
| pleural plaques | focal, irreg, raised white lesions on pleura |
| most common manifestation of asbestos exposure | pleural plaques |
| diffuse pleural thickening | due to short term heavy exposure to asbestos |
| rounded atelectasis | due to scarring of visceral and parietal pleura and adjacent lung, with pleura folding over itself |
| acute benign pleural effusions | an escape of fluid into pleural space; short latency period |
| asbestosis | interstitial inflammation and fibrosis caused by exposure to asbestos fibers |
| pathophys of asbestosis | asbestos fibers deposited at airway bifurcations, resp bronchioles and alveoli--> migrate to interstitium--> macrophage accumulation |
| clinical features of asbestosis | modest inc in PMNs, bilateral rales, reduction in lung volume |
| tx of asbestosis | no est tx |
| major cause of morbidity/mortality with asbestosis | dev of lung cancer and mesotheliomas |
| chronic beryllium disease | primarily a pulmonary granulomatous disorder |
| sxs of beryllium dis | exertional dyspnea, nonproductive cough, substernal burning pain |
| pathogensis of beryllium disease | occurs only after industrial exposure, LONG latency period (10 years), cell med cd 4 |
| tx of beryllium dis | CS |
| silicosis | fibrotic disease of the lungs caused by inhalation, retention, and pulmonary reaction to crystalling silica |
| occupatoin exposure to silica assoc with | mining, drilling, tunneling etc b/c 20-50% of sandstone etc/ predominate comp of earth's crust |
| pathogenesis of silicosis | alveolar macrophages and silica particles interact--> activate macrophages--> rel chem factors and inflam med--> cell responses by PMN, lymph, macrophages (assoc with TB) |
| assoc with TB | silicosis |
| clinical presentation of silicosis | dyspnea, productive cough, small rounded opacities in upper lung zones, lung fxn loss |
| tx for silicosis | job reassignment |
| byssinosis | recurrent exposure to cotton dust (textile workers) |
| clinical pres of byssinosis | SOB, reduction in FVC and FEV |
| risk factors for byssinosis | long employmen in cotton mill, high dust exposure, synergistic with tobacco smoke |
| pathogen of byssinosis | mucus gland hyperplasia and PMN infiltration into bronchi; may be due to bact endotoxin in cotton |
| tx of byssinosis | job reassignment |
| coal worker's pneumonconiosis (CWP) | parenchymal lung disease that results from the inhaltion and deposition of coal mine dust and the tissue's reaction to it presence |
| pathophys of CWP | coal macule is primary lesion and DX |
| coal macule becomes this after inc dust exposure | coal nodule--> progressive massive fibrotic lesions |
| mgmnet of CWP | no specific tx, treat complications and watch for mycobact infect like Tb |
Combine with other sets
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