| Term | Definition |
| cross-sectional research | research that uses participants of different ages |
| longitudinal research | research that takes place over a long period of time |
| rooting reflex | when touched on the cheeck, a baby will turn to the touched side |
| moro reflex | when startled, a baby will fling its limbs out and then quickly retract them |
| babinski reflex | when a baby's foot is stroked, it will spread the toes |
| Harry Harlow | raised baby monkeys to figure out that they prefer confort and protection over attachment with parents |
| Jean Piaget | a cognitive psychologist who studied development |
| sensorimotor stage | a stage where we develop our first cognitive schemata and object permanence |
| preoperational stage | a stage where language development takes place |
| concrete operations | a stage where concepts of conservation develops |
| formal operations | a stage where abstract reasoning and metacognition takes place |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | a psychologist who studied moral development using the Heinz dilemma |
| preconventional | a level where children's moral reasoning is limited to how the choice affects themselves |
| conventional | a level where children make a moral choice based on how others will view them |
| postconventional | a level where children can used moral reasoning and self-defined ethical principles |