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Interactionalism Approach developed by Rene Descartes which states that mind affects teh body and body affects the mind Cogito Ergo Means "I think, therefore I am" Monism Approach developed by Thomas Hobbes which states the mind does not exist outside the body John Locke Who said that the mind is dependent of the body for all its info and body is dependent on the mind to store experiences for later use? Charles Darwin Who? natural selection and evolution Objective Introspection Approach by Wilhem Wundt- Process of recording thoughtrs, feelings and sensory experiences in great detail. Focused on perception and consciousness. Structuralism Developed by Edward Tetchener. Emphasizes the analysis of consciousness into its basic components through introspection Functionalism William Jame's attempt to explore how an individual learns to function in an environment Biological Approach approach which assumes that the mind and body are interrelated Behavioral Approach approach which emphasizes the idea that psychology should be completely objective, focusing only on observable behavior and corresponding stimuli Ivan Pavlov Conducted behavioral experiment involving testing the stimulus-response technique attempting to enduce specific learned behaviors (dogs) Operant Conditioning Rewards subjects for behaving a certain way (B.F. Skinner Box) Cognitive Approach approach which emphasizes the importance of cognition-how people think- as the basis for understanding human behavior. (A.I. used frequently) Serial Processing step-by-step processing of information Parallel processing multiple mental processes occur at one time in research Humanistic Approach Approach which centers on a holistic perspective that emphasizes the potential for individual growth and change. (self-awareness, freewill) Self-Concept Developed by Carl Rogers- how an individual defines reality and personality rather than an 5 levels of human needs Developed by Abraham Mosow: psychological, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization. Psychodynamic approach approach based on idea that unconscious thought is often in conflict with conscious behavior. Sigmund Freud Developed psychoanalysis and dream analysis Sociocultural Approach approach based on the concept that human activities take place in cultural contexts. (an individual cannot be understood outside of the culture in which they exist. L.S. Vygotsky This psychologist attempted to explain consciousness as the end product of socialization. Evolutionary/ Sociobiological Approach This approach focuses on the evolutionary origins of behavior patterns and mental processes. (charles darwin) Gestalt Looking at "the whole". top > down processing