Biology Chapter 2
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feistyoungadult on September 15, 2010
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atom | basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | center of an atom; contains protons and neutrons |
| electron | negatively charges particles; located in the space surrounding the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotope | 1 of several forms of a single element, each of which contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| Ionic Bond | chemical bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Covalent Bond | type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared |
| Molecule | the smallest unit of most composition that displays all the properties of that composition |
| Cohesion | the attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| Adhesion | the force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| Suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| Base | composition that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solutions; a solution with a pH of <7 |
| Acid | compostion that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solutions; a solution with a pH of >7 |
| Buffer | a composition that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| Lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| Nucleic Acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| Amino Acid | organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group |
| Chemical Reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Activation Energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | A protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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