Flashcards: Spencer Unit 2
All 71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Compound | Formed by the chemical combination of of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| Molecule | The structure that results when atoms are joined together by sharing electrons |
| Inorganic Compounds | Lack Carbon |
| Water | One of the most important inorganic compounds |
| Homeostasis | Process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in the external environment |
| Organic Compounds | Contain Carbon |
| Types of Organic Compounds | Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids |
| Macromolecule | Giant molecules in living cells that are composed of thousands of smaller molecules. |
| Monomer | The building blocks of larger molecules |
| Polymer | Large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers |
| Carbohydrate | Major energy source |
| Monosaccharide | The monomer (building block) of carbohydrates |
| Photosynthesis | When glucose is made |
| Cellular respiration | When glucose is broken down |
| Glucose, fructose or galactose | Examples of monosaccharides |
| Sucrose or Lactose | Examples of disaccharides |
| Glycogen, starch or cellulose | Examples of polysaccharides |
| Starch | Storage molecule for plants |
| Glycogen | Storage molecule for animals; stored in the liver |
| Lactose Intolerance | Can't break down lactose |
| Product | Found on the right side of the equation |
| Reactants | Found on the left side of the equation |
| Dehydration | Removing water |
| Synthesis | Putting things together |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Process where water is removed to put 2 smaller moleucles together |
| Hydro | Water |
| Lysis | To break apart |
| Hydrolysis | Process where water is added to break a larger molecule into smaller molecules |
| Foods with Carbohydrates | Grains, Fruits, Vegetables and Sugars |
| Function of Proteins | Transport oxygen, provide immunity, form muscle, skin, hair and nails, and many chemicals needed for life |
| Amino Acids | Monomer (building blocks) for proteins |
| Peptide Bonds | Type of special covalent bonds between amino acids |
| Foods with Proteins | Meat, Beans, Dairy products, Soy, Eggs and Nuts |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | Special proteins that act as biological catalyst |
| Substrate | Substance enzyme acts on |
| Lock and Key Model | One specific enzyme for one reaction |
| Nucleotide | Monomer (building blocks) for nucleic acids |
| Parts of a Nucleotide | 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate group |
| Function of Nucleic Acids | RNA (makes protiens) and DNA (Controls heredity) |
| Function of Lipids | Stores energy, conserves heat, protects vital organs, serve as chemical messengers and make up the cell membrane |
| Fatty Acids and Glycerol | Monomers (building blocks) for Lipids |
| Saturated Fats | Single bonds, solid at room temperature, increases cholesterol, clogs arteries and causing a heart attack |
| Unsaturated Fats | Double bonds, liquid at room temperature and decreases cholesterol |
| Triglycerides | Type of lipid that comes from plant oil and animal fat |
| Phospholipids | Type of lipid found in the cell membrane |
| Waxes | Type of lipid that form prtective barriers for plants and animals |
| Steriods | Type of lipid that serve as chemical messengers |
| Fish, nuts and oils | Best source for lipids |
| Benedict's Solution | Chemical used to indicate a monosaccharide; positive test is orange. |
| Iodine Solution | Chemical used to indicate a polysaccharide; positive test is black/blue color |
| Biurets Solution | Chemical used to indicate a protein; positive test is purple |
| Function of Digestive System | Help convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body |
| Amylase | Enzyme found in the saliva |
| Mouth | Where carbohydrates BEGIN to break down |
| Esophagus | Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| Peristalsis | Contractions of the esophagusthat squeeze food down to the stomach |
| Mechanical Digestion | Teeth break apart food or the stomach churning and mixing food |
| Chemical Digestion | Enzymes break down food into smaller molecules |
| Hydrochloric Acid | Found in the stomach to help with chemically digesting proteins |
| Pepsin | Enzyme found in the stomach to chemically digest proteins |
| Stomach | Large muscular sac; site where proteins BEGIN to digest |
| pH Scale | Measures how acidic or basic a substance; scale runs from 0-14 |
| Acid | 0-6.9 on the pH scale |
| Base | 7.1-14 on the pH scale |
| Small Intestine | Where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption of food occurs |
| Liver | Produces bile to help break down lipids |
| Gall Bladder | Stores bile |
| Pancreas | Produces homrones to regulate blood sugar, produces enzymes to break down carbs, lipids, protein and nucleic acids and produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid |
| Large intestine | Absorb water from the undigested material that is left |
| pH 7 | Neutral; water |
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