Rubenstein Ch. 4 and Ch. 5 BOLD TERMS and LANGUAGE BRANCHES
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Created by:
mitchsmith1123 on September 15, 2010
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Description:
The vocab. (bold terms) of Ch. 4 and Ch. 5, and the language branch locations listed in Ch. 5.
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Habit | A repetitive act that a particular INDIVIDUAL performs. |
| Custom | A repetitive act of a GROUP, to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group. |
| Folk culture | Traditionally practiced primarily by small, HOMOGENOUS groups living in isolated RURAL areas and may include a custom. |
| Popular (pop) culture | Found in large, HETEROGENOUS societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. |
| Language | A system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning. |
| Literary tradition | A system of written communication. |
| Official language | The language used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects (such as road signs, money, and stamps). |
| Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |
| Standard language | A dialect that is well establish and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication. |
| British Recieved Pronunciation (BRP) | One particular dialect of English, the one associated with upper-class Britons living in the Londong area, is recognized in much of the English-speaking world as the standard form of British speech. |
| Isogloss | A word-usage boundary. |
| Language family | A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long BEFORE RECORDED HISTORY. |
| Language branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestral langueage that existed SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS AGO. |
| Language group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively RECENT PAST and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. |
| Creole (creolized language) | A language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. |
| Ideograms | Characters that represent ideas or concepts, not specific pronunciations. |
| Extinct languages | Languages that were once in use, even in the recent past, but no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world. |
| Isolated language | A language unrealted to any other and therefore not attached to any language family. |
| Lingua franca | A language of international communication. |
| Pidgin language | A simplified form of a lingua franca. |
| Ebonics | Distinctive dialect of many African Americans; the word is a combination of "ebony" and "phonics". |
| Franglais | The widespread use of English in the French language; the word is a combination of "français" and "anglais", which is French for "French" and "English". |
| Spanglish | The diffusion of English in the Spanish language; the word is a combination of "Spanish" and "English". |
| Indo-European | Largest language branch, covering: North America, South America, Northern India, Western Europe, Southern Russia, Australia, and South Africa (the country). |
| Afro-Asiatic | Language branch that covers: Northern Africa, and South West Asia (the Middle East). |
| Nilo-Saharan | Language branch that covers: Central Africa (below Afro-Asiatic) |
| Niger-Congo | Language branch that covers: Western and Central Africa (below Nilo-Saharan) |
| Khoisan | Language branch that covers: Central Africa (above Nilo-Saharan) |
| Uralic and Altaic | Language branch that covers: Southern Europe (Turkey), Northern Europe, Northern Russia, Central Asia, and Western Asia. |
| Sino-Tibetan | Language branch that covers: Eastern Asia (China, North Korea, South Korea, Myanmar) |
| Austro-Asiatic | Language branch that covers: South Eastern Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia) |
| Austronesian | Language branch that covers: Madagascar, Southern Asian Islands (Phillippines, Western Indonesia), Pacific Islands. |
| Dravidian | Language branch that covers: Southern India. |
| Native American | Language branch that covers: Central South America (Western Brazil, Paraguay) |
| Tai-Kadal | Language branch that covers: Southern Asia (Thailand, Central Phillippines and Malaysia), Greenland and Iceland. |
| Other Language Branches | Very minor language branches that cover: Northern Canada, North Eastern Asia (North Eastern Russia), and Eastern Asia (Japan and Eastern Indonesia) |
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