Biology - Energy in the cell
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adenosine diphosphate | an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage |
| adenosine triphosphate | An organic compound containing adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups; of prime importance for energy transfer in cells. |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as hhhh |
| anaerobic | living or active in the absence of free oxygen |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| citric acid cycle | in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP |
| glycolysis | a series of biochemical reactions that cells use to break down glucose and release its chemical energyg |
| lactic acid fermentation | A series of anaerobic chemical reactions using pyruvic acid that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce |
| calvin cycle | The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis |
| electron transport chain | sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration |
| light-dependent reactions | convert light energy to chemical energy |
| photolysis | A reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependant reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| pigment | molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light |
| nadp+ | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
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