| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What comprises of the major municipal wastes in U.S.? | Papers, yard wastes, food waste, plastics. |
| Among these wastes, which waste is difficult to deal with and is also increasing? | Plastics. |
| How are the municipal wastes treated? | Landfill and Incinerators. |
| Problems with landfills? | Not a long term disposal method & leachate. |
| Problems with incinerations? | Site selection, air pollution (dioxin), sludge, and ash. |
| Advantages with incenerators? | Reduce the volume of wastes, can generate (cleaner) electricity. |
| What are the alternative means of municipal waste management? | Recycling. |
| What is the order of the 4R's? | Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. |
| NIMBY and NIABY | Residents oppose a development of waste incinerator in their areas but not other areas. |
| NIMBY | Not In My Backyard. |
| NIABY | Not In Anybody's Backyard. |
| Source Reduction | Utilizing less natural resources to produce goods. |
| Dematerialization | Progressive decrease in the size and weight of a product as a result of technological improvements. |
| Regulatory measures for promoting recycling and reducing wastes and waste facility related problems: Resource Recovery... | Act 1970. |
| Regulatory measures for promoting recycling and reducing wastes and waste facility related problems: Resource Conservation... | and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976. |
| Regulatory measures for promoting recycling and reducing wastes and waste facility related problems: Pollution... | Prevention Act (1990). |
| Industrial Ecology | Seeks to redesign industrial system to reduce inputs and outputs and maximize both physical and economic efficiency. |
| What does INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY try to resemble as? | Ecological System (Food web, nutrient cycling). |
| How is the goal of INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY achieved? | Life-cycle analysis, waste utilization, elimination/substitution of harmful substances. |
| The four diff. types of hazardous wastes: IGNITABLE | Substances that easily catch fire (e.g. natural gas, alcohol). |
| The four diff. types of hazardous wastes: CORROSIVE | Corrode metals in storage tanks (e.g. acids). |
| The four diff. types of hazardous wastes: TOXIC | Release toxic substances (e.g. Chlorine, Ammonia, Pesticides, DIOXON). |
| The four diff. types of hazardous wastes: REACTIVE | Chemically unstable and react with other compounds often explosively (e.g. nuclear wastes). |
| What are some of the examples of disposing hazardous wastes? | Disposal Methods and Treatment Methods. |
| Disposal Methods | Surface impoundment, safe landfills, deep-well injection. |
| Treatment Methods | Inceneration, bioremediation and phytoremediation. |
| Superfund Program | Regulates cleaning up "old" Toxic Waste. |
| Superfund Program is est. under what? | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980). |
| Why is there hazardous waste trade? | Developed countries willing to get rid of their hazardous wastes cheaply and conveniently. Developing countries desperate for foreign currency and cheap resources. They also have cheap labor. |
| What is the name of international convention that reflects the principle of environmental justice? | Basel Convention 1992. |
| What kind of amendment was made to this convention in 1995? | No hazardous wastes to be exported from developed to developing countries. |
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