| Term | Definition |
|---|
| sensory memory | a split-second holding tank for incoming sensory information |
| iconic memory | a split-second perfect photograph of a scene |
| echoic memory | a perfect brief memory for sounds |
| selective attention | the idea that we encode what we are attending to or what is important to us |
| short-term memory | also called working memory, these are memories we currently work with |
| episodic memory | memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series of events |
| semantic memory | general knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories |
| procedural memory | memories of skills and how to perform them |
| explicit memory | conscious memories of facts or events we actively tried to remember |
| implicit memory | unintentional memories that we might not even realize we have |
| levels of processing theory | the idea that we remember things we spend more cognitive time and energy processing |
| recognition | the process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory |
| recall | retrieving a memory with an external cue |
| serial position effect | an effect seen when recall of a list is affected by the order of items in a list |
| semantic network theory | a theory that our brain creates a web of interconnected memories |
| flashbulb memories | memories encoded by the importance of the event that occured during the time |
| mood-congruent memory | the greater likelihood of recalling an item when our mood matched the mood we were in when the event happened |
| retroactive interference | learning new information interferes with the recall of older information |
| proactive interference | older information interferes with the recall of new information |
| anterograde amnesia | when one cannot encode new memories due to the damage to hippocampus |
| long-term potentiation | the idea that neurons can strengthen connections between each other |
| phonemes | smallest units of sound used in a language |
| morphemes | the smallest unit of meaningful sound |
| holophrastic stage | the time during which babies speak in single words |
| telegraphic speech | the time when toddlers combine the words into simple commands |
| overgeneralization | misapplication of grammar rules |
| Benjamin Whorf | he theorized that the language we use might control our thinking |
| algorithms | a way of solving a problem by trying every possible solution |
| availability heuristic | judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially |
| representativeness heuristic | judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes that person holds in his or her mind |
| belief bias | when we make illogical conclusions in order to confirm our preexisting beliefs |
| belief perseverance | our tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence is contradicted |
| rigidity | also called mental set, this is the tendency to fall into established thought patterns |
| confirmation bias | the tendency to look for evidence that confirm our beliefs and ignore evidence that contradict our beliefs |
| convergent thinking | thinking pointed toward one solution |
| divergent thinking | thinking that searches for multiple solution |
Combine with other sets
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