| Term | Definition |
| content validity | how well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing |
| concurrent validity | measure how much of a characteristic a person has now |
| predictive validity | measure of future performance |
| aptitude tests | tests that measure ability or potential |
| achievement tests | tests that measure what one has learned or accomplished |
| power test | a test that consists of items of increasing difficulty levels |
| Charles Spearman | he argued that intelligence could be expressed by a single factor called g |
| L. L. Thurstone | he stated that intelligence is comprised of seven main abilities |
| J. P. Guilford | he argued that there are over 100 different mental abilities |
| Howard Gardner | he subscribed to the idea of multiple intelligence |
| Alfred Binet | he created the first intelligence test |
| David Weschler | he created the WAIS, WISC, WPPSI |
| Flynn effect | a finding that intelligence has been increasing throughout the century |