THE NEW NEW NEW LARGEST QUIZLET SET EVER MADE!!!

English	Latin
poet	poeta, ae (m)
farmer	agricola, ae (m)
inhabitant	incola, ae (m)
sailor	nauta, ae (m)
friend (female)	amica, ae (f)
water	aqua, ae (f)
house	casa, ae (f)
chair	cathedra, ae (f)
dinner	cena, ae (f)
chalk	creta, ae (f)
kitchen	culina, ae (f)
student (female)	discipula, ae (f)
story	fabula, ae (f)
fame, reputation	fama, ae (f)
family	familia, ae (f)
woman	femina, ae (f)
daughter	filia, ae (f)
island	insula, ae (f)
moon	luna, ae (f)
pen	pluma, ae (f)
little pig	porcina, ae (f)
door	porta, ae (f)
girl	puella, ae (f)
doll	pupa, ae (f)
frog	rana, ae (f)
earth	terra, ae (f)
tunic	tunica, ae (f)
vase	urna, ae (f)
victory	victoria, ae (f)
country house, estate	villa, ae (f)
life	vita, ae (f)
friend (male)	amicus, i (m)
donkey	asinus, i (m)
asparagus	asparagus, i (m)
prisoner	captivus, i (m)
food	cibus, i (m)
cook	coquus, i (m)
student (male)	discipulus, i (m)
horse	equus, i (m)
son	filius, i (m)
stream, river	fluvius, i (m)
rooster	gallus, i (m)
sword	gladius, i (m)
garden	hortus, i (m)
lake	lacus, i (m)
bed	lectus, i (m)
teacher	magister, -ri (m)
wall	murus, i (m)
ocean	oceanus, i (m)
paper	papyrus, i (m)
people	populus, i (m)
boy	puer, -ri (m)
squirrel	sciurus, i (m)
servant (male)	servus, i (m)
bull	taurus, i (m)
man	vir, -ri (m)
war	bellum, i (n)
gift	donum, i (n)
sky	caelum, i (n)
prize	praemium, i (n)
white	albus, a, um
old, ancient	antiquus, a, um
foreign, barbaric	barbarus, a, um
good	bonus, a, um
bright, famous	clarus, a, um
satisfied, content	contentus, a, um
divided	divisus, a, um
famous	famosus, a, um
weary, tired	fatigatus, a, um
wild	ferus, a, um
faithful	fidus, a, um
beautiful, handsome	formosus, a, um
dusky, dark	fuscus, a, um
Greek	Graecus, a, um
Spanish	Hispanus, a, um
honorable, respected	honestus, a, um
unfriendly	inimicus, a, um
angry	irātus, a, um
pleasant	iūcundus, a, um
just, fair	iustus, a, um
happy	laetus, a, um
wide, broad	lātus, a, um
long	longus, a, um
big	magnus, a, um
bad	malus, a, um
biggest, very big	maximus, a, um
mine	meus, a, um
many, much	multus, a, um
our	noster, nostra, nostrum
new	novus, a, um
prepared	paratus, a, um
small	parvus, a, um
tall	procerus, a, um
public	publicus, a, um
Roman	Romanus, a, um
splendid, magnificent	splendidus, a, um
eager, studious	studiosus, a, um
silly, foolish	stultus, a, um
stupid, dull	stupidus, a, um
his or her (own)	suus, a, um
timid, fearful	timidus, a, um
calm, quiet	tranquilus, a, um
your (s.)	tuus, a, um
wet, moist	umidus, a, um
strong, muscular	validus, a, um
your (pl.)	vester, vestra, vestrum
to walk	ambulo, -are
to love	amo, -are
to listen to	ausculto, -are
to eat dinner	ceno, -are
to shout	clamo, -are
to think	cogito, -are
to taste	gusto, -are
to live	habito, -are
to work, toil	laboro, -are
to cry, weep	lacrimo, -are
to praise	laudo, -are
to place, put	loco, -are
to relate, tell	narro, -are
to sail	navigo, -are
to prepare	paro, -are
to carry	porto, -are
to fight	pugno, -are
to strike, hit	pulso, -are
to greet	saluto, -are
to watch, look at	specto, -are
to end	termino, -are
to visit	visito, -are
to call, invite	voco, -are
to wound	vulnero, -are
to have	habeo, -ere
to warn, advise	moneo, -ere
to move	moveo, -ere
to provide, foresee	provideo, -ere
to respond, answer	respondeo, -ere
to laugh at, smile	rideo, -ere
to sit	sedeo, -ere
to hold, possess	teneo, -ere
to frighten	terreo, -ere
to see	video, -ere
to walk	ambulo, -are
to eat dinner	ceno, -are
to hurry, rush	festino, -are
to enter	intro, -are
to work, toil	laboro, -are
house	casa, ae (f)
dinner	cena, ae (f)
woman	femina, ae (f)
girl	puella, ae (f)
prepared	paratus, a, um
happy	laetus, a, um
soon	mox
not	non
and	et
but	sed
to help	iuvo, -are
to praise	laudo, -are
to relate, tell	narro, -are
to prepare	paro, -are
to carry	porto, -are
to greet	saluto, -are
to call, invite	voco, -are
water	aqua, ae (f)
story	fabula, ae (f)
daughter	filia, ae (f)
road, way	via, ae (f)
angry	iratus, a, um
suddenly	subito
into, in	in + acc.
to stay, wait	maneo, -ere
to sit	sedeo, -ere
to see	video, -ere
to climb, rise	ascendo, -ere
to fall, sink	cado, -ere
to run	curro, -ere
to lead, guide	dūco, -ere
he/she says	inquit
to send	mitto, -ere
to return	redeo, redire
to hear, listen to	audio, ire
earth, land	terra, ae (f)
food	cibus, i (m)
farmer	colonus, i (m)
son	filius, i (m)
field	ager, ri (m)
boy	puer, ri (m)
him (acc.)	eum
her (acc.)	eam
anxious	anxius, a, um
for	nam
to, towards	ad + acc.
to be present	adsum, adesse
to take care of, look after	curo, -are
to approach	accedo, -ere
to go forward, proceed	procedo, ere
to rise	surgo, -ere
to sleep	dormio, ire
to come	venio, -ire
friend (male)	amicus, i (m)
school	ludus, i (m)
great	magnus, a, um
miserable	miser, -a, -um
many, much	multus, a, um
why?	cur?
for a long time	diu
now, already	iam
slowly	lente
often	saepe
at last	tandem
them (m, acc. pl.)	eos
them (f, acc. pl.)	eas
him	ille
her	illa
because	quod
when, where	ubi
to shout	clamo, -are
to give	do, -are
to ask	rogo, -are
to watch	specto, -are
to lie down	iaceo, -ere
to answer	respondeo, -ere
to say	dico, -ere
to buy	emo, -ere
to place, put	pono, -ere
to hand over	trado, -ere
to arrive	advenio, -ire
to make, do	facio, -ere
garden	hortus, i (m)
one	unus, -a, -um
two	duo, duae, duo
three	tres, tria
other, another	alius, alia, aliud
good	bonus, -a, -um
bad	malus, -a, -um
at once	statim
what?	quid?
and not, nor	nec / neque
with	cum + abl.
in, on	in + abl.
through, throughout	per + acc.
Tolkien's expertise	Philology
Name of rune alphabet?	Anglo-Saxon Futhork
What powers did the runes have?	magical powers
What are people devoured by the ring named?	Ring-wraiths
Who doesn't show up on time before Frodo's trip?	Gandalf
How old is Bilbo when he leaves?	111
Who gets Bag-End?	Loretta Sackville-Baggins
What joins the two half-sentences in Old English?	alliteration
What is the Dark Lord's name?	Sauron
Who is at first unwilling to give up the ring?	Bilbo
Oldest preserved book?	Beowulf
Bilbo	a sword noted for the temper and elasticity of its blade
How did Old English become Middle English?	Norman Invasion-1066
x+4(x+6)=-1	x=-5
3x+2(x+8)=21	x=13/5
5(2n+3)=65	n=5
½(x+12)=-8	x=-28
-3(y+4)=18	y=-10
5r+-7(1+r)=5	r=-1
12⋅2+(x+-5)2=48	x=29/2
debeo, -ere	to owe, to have to
doceo, -ere	to teach
iubeo, -ere	to order
constituo, -ere	to decide
dimitto, -ere	to send away
ludo, -ere	to play
scribo, -ere	to write
cupio, -ere	to desire, want
eo, -ire	to go
exeo, -ire	to go out
ianua, ae (f)	door
littera, ae (f)	letter
domus, i (m)	home
domum	"to home"
magister, i (m)	master, teacher
cetei, ceterae, cetera	the others, the rest
meus, a, um	my
tuus, a, um	your
celeriter	quickly
diligenter	carefully, hard
iterum	again
ego	I (nominative)
me	me (accusative)
tu	you (nominative)
te	you (accusative)
prope + acc.	near
itaque	and so
nec/neque...nec/neque	neither...nor
convoco, -are	to call together
navigo, -are	to sail
oppugno, -are	to attack
pugno, -are	to fight
defendo, -ere	to defend
occido, -ere	to kill
resisto, -ere	to resist
vinco, -ere	to conquer
capio, -ere	to seize
fugio, -ere	to flee
iacio, -ere	to throw
ira, ae (f)	anger
pugna, ae (f)	fight
canis, canis (c)	dog
comes, comitis (c)	comrade
frater, fratris (m)	brother
navis, navis (f)	ship
pater, patris (m)	father
princeps, principis (m)	prince
rex, regis (m)	king
urbs, urbis (f)	city
carus, a, um	dear
fortis, forte	brave
omnis, omne	all
fortiter	bravely
a/ab + abl.	from
possum, posse	to be able to
exspecto, -are	to wait for
servo, -are	to save
timeo, -ere	to fear
reddo, -ere	to return
relinquo, -ere	to leave behind
verto, -ere	to turn
conicio, -ere	to hurl
hasta, ae (f)	spear
porta, ae (f)	gate
murus, i (m)	wall
mater, matris (f)	mother
mors, mortis (f)	death
mortuus, a, um	dead
solus, a, um	alone
territus, a, um	terrified
incolumis, incolume	safe, unharmed
bene	well
hic	here
huc	(to) here, hither
circum + acc.	round
e/ex + abl.	out of, from
-que	and
gaudeo, -ere	to rejoice
habeo, -ere	to have
moneo, -ere	to warn, advise
taceo, -ere	to be silent
bibo, -ere	to drink
conscendo, -ere	to board (a ship)
accipio, -ere	to receive
convenio, -ire	to come together, meet
insula, ae (f)	island
equus, i (m)	horse
vir, viri (m)	man
labor, laboris (m)	work, hardship, suffering
nox, noctis (f)	night
uxor, uxoris (f)	wife
novus, a, um	new
parvus, a, um	small
pauci, ae, a	few
tacitus, a, um	silent
totus, a, um	whole
ingens, ingentis	huge
sic	thus
inter + acc.	among, between
habito, -are	to live, dwell
oro, -are	to pray, beg
quaero, -ere	to ask, seek
quiesco, -ere	to rest
tollo, -ere	to lift, raise
nauta, ae (f)	sailor
silva, ae (f)	wood
unda, ae (f)	wave
caelum, i (n)	sky, heaven
periculum, i (n)	danger
saxum, i (n)	rock
verbum, i (n)	word
clamor, clamoris (m)	shout
homo, hominis (m)	man, human
litus, litoris (n)	shore
mare, maris (n)	sea
mons, montis (m)	mountain
primus, a, um	first
primum	first
vix	scarcely
de + abl.	down from
sub + abl.	under
aedifico, -are	to build
erro, -are	to wander, err, be wrong
impero, -are + dat.	to order
sto, -are	to stand
cognosco, -ere	to get to know, learn
occurro, -ere + dat.	to meet
ostendo, -ere	to show
succurro, -ere + dat.	to help
invenio, -ire	to find
fero, ferre (IR)	to carry, bear
fama, ae (f)	rame, report, reputation
patria, ae (f)	fatherland
regina, ae (f)	queen
somnus, -i (m)	sleep
ventus, -i (m)	wind
bellum, - i (n)	war
consilium, -i (n)	plan
templum, -i (n)	temple
vinum, -i (n)	wine
arma, -orum (n, pl.)	arms
castra, -orum (n, pl.)	camp
collis, collis (m)	hill
hostis, hostis (c)	enemy
nomen, nominis (n)	name
notus, a, um	known
ignotus, a, um	unknown
semper	always
dum	while
mihi	to me
tibi	to you
nobis	to us
vobis	to you
ei	to him, to her
eis	to them
amo, -are	to love
desperō, -are	to despair
placeo, -ere + dat.	to please
peto, -ere	to seek, pursue, make for
perficio, -ere	to carry out
animus, -i (m)	mind
deus, -i (m)	god
dea, -ae (f)	goddess
nuntius, -i (m)	messenger, message
oculus, -i (m)	eye
imperium, -i (n)	order
amor, amoris (m)	love
hiems, hiemis (f)	winter
commotus, a, um	moved
tantus, a, um	so great
tristis, triste	sad
felix, felīcis	lucky, happy
infelix, infelicis	unlucky, ill-starred
etiam	even, also
ibi	there
interea	meanwhile
nunc	now
ante + acc.	before
post + acc.	after
aut...aut	either...or
A Brass instrument is _________ to keep the instrument from tarnishing.	Laquered
The String Instruments are? (lowest to highest)	Double Bass, Cello, Viola, Violin
String Instruments have _-______ so that the sound will project better.	F-Holes
What are the Brass Instruments? (Smallest bell to Biggest bell)	Trumpet, Trombone, French Horn, Tuba
Which Brass instrument(s) has a funnel shaped mouthpiece?	French Horn
Which Brass instrument(s) has a cup-shaped mouthpiece?	Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba
What are the Woodwinds? (alphabetical order)	Clarinet, Flute, Oboe, Piccolo
The skin, or _____ of the timpani is made of __________ or _____ _____.	head, plastic, calf skin
The most common percussion instrument in an orchestra are the ________, which are also called the ________________.	timpani, kettledrums
The shell, or round bowl, is made of __________.	copper
Timpani used to be hand-tuned, but now players can tune them accurately and quickly by using a ________ which controls the degree of tension in the head.	pedal
The standard number of timpani in an orchestra is ___.	4
A roto-tom can be tuned by either __________ the drum on its stand or by pressing a ______.	turned, pedal
A tam-tam is a type of _______ that gives a deep, ringing sound with no definite pitch.	gong
The tam-tam's disc is made of _______.	bronze
A set of tubular bells contains up to ___ tubes, whereas the orchestra _______________ contains a set of up to ___ steel bars.	25, glockenspiel, 42
The xylophone, tubular bells, glockenspiel, marimba, and chimes are all examples of "________"(or "beater") instruments.	mallet
The xylophone's keys are made of ______ or __________.	wood, plastic
Wooden xylophone keys are made from the ______ of a log.	core
The marimba is an octave _______ than the xylophone, and its keys are made from the ______, softer part of a log. The marimba (is/isn't) a standard orchestral instrument.	lower, outer, isn't
Xylophones and _______________ have vertical tubes called _____________ beneath a set of bars.	vibraphones, resonators
The vibraphone resembles the _______________, but it is an __________ instrument. At the top of each resonating tube is a __________ _____ which gives the instrument its ____________ sound.	xylophone, electric, rotating disc, throbbing
All brass instruments have _________ tubing so that they can be held and carried.	coiled
Sound is produced by vibrating the _____.	lips
The tube of a brass instrument widens into a ________ ______, which affects the _____ of the instrument, and also helps to ___________ the sound forward.	flared bell, tone, project
All brass instruments can be played with ________, devices which fit into the bell of the instrument and soften the sound.	mutes
The trumpet's ancestor had __________ tubing, and was made of _________ horn.	straight, animal
The __-Flat trumpet is the standard orchestral model.	B
Some players also play the __________ trumpet, a smaller version of the standard trumpet.	piccolo
Three fingertips of the right hand operate the _______ __________.	valve pistons
The french horn's ancestor was the ________ horn.	hunting
Before valves were invented, people used their ______ to change pitches.	hands
There are two ways to mute a french horn: with the ______ or with a ________ mute.	hand, plastic
The fingers of the _____ hand press the three levers that work the _______.	left, valves
The trombone which is generally used in orchestras today is the _______ trombone.	tenor
The trombone is the only instrument that changes pitch with the use of a _______.	slide
The trombone's tubing is _______ as long as the trumpet's.	twice
Although the trombone had been in use since around _______, its first appearance in an actual symphony occurred in _____________ Fifth Symphony.	1600, Beethoven's
The tuba produces the _________ notes of the brass instruments.	lowest
The most frequent use of the tuba in the orchestra is as a ______ for the brass section; but it may also be used to strengthen the ________ basses or lower ___________.	bass, double, woodwinds
The tuba's valves are operated by the ________ hand.	right
The instruments of a brass quintet are...	trumpet, trumpet, trombone, french horn, tuba
The word piccolo in Italian means "______".	little
Piccolos are made of ______, _______, or _________.	wood, metal, plastic
Most professional players prefer piccolos made of ______.	wood
The piccolo uses the same fingering as the _______.	flute
The piccolo sounds an _________ higher than the flute.	octave
Flutes used to be made of ______, but are now made of _______.	wood, metal
The flute is held sideways, and the tone is produced by blowing ________ the tone hole.	across
Flutes are made in three sections called ________. a) ______ _________ b)______ _________ c)______ _________	joints, head joint, body joint, foot joint
The __-Flat clarinet is the standard kind, but most clarinetists also play the __ clarinet.	B, A
The clarinet is a ________-reed instrument.	single
The clarinet tube is usually made of ______.	wood
The end of the tube widens out into a _____ that helps to project the low notes outward.	bell
The bass clarinet is ______ the length of the clarinet and its metal bell curves _________ to project the sound of the low notes outward.	twice, upward
The oboe is a ________-reed instrument.	double
The body of the oboe is made of _______ or ________ ______ _____.	ebony, African black wood
The oboe has a flared "_____" at the end of it.	bell
The oboe is _____ inches long.	27½
The first known oboe dates from ______B.C., and the modern oboe dates from between ______ and ______.	2800, 1800, 1882
The English Horn is a ________-reed instrument.	double
The English Horn has the same fingerings as the ______.	oboe
The English Horn is ____ inches long, and therefore produces lower pitches than the oboe.	38
The bassoon is a __________-reed instrument.	double
The tube of the bassoon is about __ feet long, which is about four times as long as that of the oboe.	8
The _______ is the long, curved stem which connects the reeds to the instrument.	bocal
The contrabassoon is also known as the _________ bassoon and has the same fingerings. Its tubing is ______ as long as the tubing of a bassoon.	double, twice
What are the instruments that compile a Woodwind Quintet?	oboe, english horn, french horn, flute, bassoon
_________ or _________ the strings makes them vibrate, and each vibrating string produces a different range of notes.	bowing, plucking
The Italian word for the plucking of strings with the fingers or thumb of the right hand is called ___________. Another effect is called ___________, in which the bow is moved very quickly back and forth across the strings.	pizzicato, tremolo
Moving a finger up the strings ________ the length that vibrates, and the note gets _________. Moving it ______ the string makes the note _______.	shortens, higher, down, lower
When two notes are played at a single time it is called a __________-stop.	double
Stringed instruments are held with the ______ hand, and the bow with the _______ hand.	left, right
The musical bow's ancestors were the same bows used for ___________.	hunting
All bows consist of strands of ____________ or _______ stretched between the tip and the frog.	horsehair, nylon
The strands of the bow are rubbed with _______, which makes them sticky so that they grip the string and cause it to vibrate.	rosin
The ________ is the smallest instrument of the string family and produces the ___________ notes.	violin, highest
The _______ is slightly larger than the violin and produces lower notes with a mellow tone.	viola
The _______ is larger than both the violin and the viola, and its player must be seated.	cello
The string bass is also known as the __________ ______.	double bass
The double bass's sloping ________ make it easier for the left hand to reach the lower part of the fingerboard.	shoulders
The instruments which comprise a string quartet are...	violin, violin, viola, cello
Orchestras were first heard over _____ years ago in opera houses.	400
Kings and nobles also kept orchestras for performances at ________.	court
Choral works such as _________ and _________ require a large choir or chorus in addition to an orchestra.	masses, requiems
Most orchestral music composed about two centuries ago requires around ___ players, whereas some music of the late 19th and 20th centuries calls for more than _____ musicians.	30, 100
What instrument does the concertmaster of the orchestra play?	violin
What is a "rostrum"?	the platform on which the conductor stands
Why are the musicians in the center and at the sides and back of the orchestra raised on tiers?	so that they can see the conductor easily
What is the name of the orchestra which performs "Concerto in Pieces" on our CD?	The BBC Symphony Orchestra
String Instruments	Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass
Woodwinds	Flutes, Oboes, Clarinets, Bassoons, Piccolos, English Horns
Brass Instruments	trumpet, French horn, trombone, and tuba.
Percussion Instruments	drums, cymbals, triangle, gong, glockenspiel
400	Orchestras were first heard almost ___ years ago in opera houses.
Court	Kings and nobles also kept orchestras for performances at ___.
Masses Requiems	Choral works such as ___ and ___ require a large choir or chorus in addition to the orchestra.
30 100	Most orchestral music composed about 3 centuries ago require around ___ players, whereas some music of the late 19th and 20th centuries calls for more than ___ musicians.
Violin	What instrument does the concertmaster of the orchestra play?
A Platform	What is a "Rostrum"?
So the Conductor Can See	Why are the musicians in the center and at the sides and back of the orchestra raised on tiers?
BBC Symphony Orchestra	What is the name of the orchestra which performs Concerto in Pieces on our CD?
Violas Cellos Double-Bass Violins	The instruments of the orchestra: Strings
Flutes Oboes Clarinets Bassoons Saxophone English Horn	The instruments of the orchestra: Woodwinds
French Horn Trumpets Trombones Tuba	The instruments of the orchestra: Brass
Drums Cymbals Triangle Gongs Glockenspiel Xylophone	The instruments of the orchestra: Percussion
Musical Feelings	A great orchestral performance results when the ___ ___ that the composer puts into a piece of music are expressed as strongly as possible by the orchestra.
Study Music	What must the conductor do to prepare for his first rehearsal with the orchestra?
Andrew Davis	On this recording, who is the conductor of the BBC Symphony?
Michael Davis	What is the name of the concertmaster?
So It Is Clearly Seen	Why is a conductor's baton white?
When Tempo	The conductor's right hand shows ___ things happen, and may st the ___ or speed of the music.
How	The left hand indicates ___ to play passages.
Facial	The ___ expression reinforces the message given by the left hand.
Musical Feelings	Composers write music because they wish to express their ___ ___.
Melody	A tune or theme that consists of a single line of notes.
Harmony	The sound produced by the accompanying instruments as their notes combine with those of the melody.
Counterpoint	Combining of melodies to produce a pleasant harmony is known as counterpoint.
Rhythm	The length or duration of each note determines the rhythm.
Tempo	How quickly or slowly the music is played.
Orchestration	When the composer has written the notes of the music using the basic elements of melody, harmony, etc., he or she chooses instruments or voices to sing notes.
Bowing Plucking	___ or ___ the strings makes them vibrate, and each vibrating string produces a different range of notes.
Pizzicato Tremolo	The Italian word for the plucking of strings with the fingers or thumb of the right hand is called ___. Another effect is called ___, in which the bow is moved very quickly back and forth across the strings.
Shortens Higher Down Lower	Moving a finger up the string ___ the length that vibrates, and the note gets higher. Moving it ___ the string makes the note lower.
Double	When 2 notes are played at the same time, it is called a ___ -stop.
Left Right	Stringed instruments are held with the ___ hand, and the bow with the ___ hand.
Hunting	The musical bow's ancestors were the same bows used for ___.
Curved	Even in the Renaissance, musical bows were shaped very much like hunting bows, with a ___ wooden piece as a handle.
Horse Hair Nylon	All bows consist of strands of ___ or ___ stretched between the tip and the frog.
Rosin	The strands of the bow are rubbed with ___, which makes them sticky so that they grip the string and cause it to vibrate.
Violin Highest	The ___ is the smallest instrument of the string family and produces the ___ notes.
Viola	The ___ is slightly larger than the violin and produces lower notes with mellow tone.
Cello	The ___ is larger than both the violin and the viola, and its player must be seated.
Double	The string bass is also known as a ___ bass.
Shoulders	The double bass's sloping ___ make it easier for the left hand to reach the lower part of the fingerboard.
First and Second Violin Viola Cello	The string quartet instruments.
Little	The word piccolo in Italian means "___".
Plastic Metal Wood	Piccolos are made of ___, ___, or ___.
Wood	Most professional players prefer piccolos made of ___.
Flute	The piccolo uses the same fingering as the ___.
Octave	The piccolo sounds and ___ higher than the flute.
Wood Metal	Flutes used to be made out of ___, but are now made of ___.
Across	The flute is held sideways, and the tone is produced by blowing ___ the tone hole.
Joints	Flutes are made in three sections called ___.
Head Body Foot Joint	The parts of a flute. (Hint: joints)
B A	The __-flat clarinet is the standered kind, but most clarinetists also play the __ clarinet.
Single	The Clarinet is a ___-reed instrument.
Ebony	The Clarinet tube is usually made of ___.
Bell	The end of the tube widens out into a ___ that helps to project the low notes outward.
Twice Upward	The bass clarinet is ___ the length of the clarinet and its metal bell curves ___ to project the sound of the low notes forward.
Double	The Oboe is a ___-reed instrument.
Ebony Blackwood	The body of the oboe is made of ___ of African ___.
Bell	The oboe has a "___" at the end of it.
27 1/2	The oboe is ___ inches long.
2800 1800 1882	The first known oboe dates from ___ B.C. and the modern oboe dates between ___ and ___.
Double	The English Horn is a ___-reed instrument.
Oboe	The English Horn has the same fingering as the ___.
38	The English Horn is ___ inches long, and therefore produces lower pitches than the oboe.
Double	The Bassoon is a ___-reed instrument.
8	The tube of the bassoon is about __ feet long , which is about four times as long as that of the oboe.
Bocal	The ___ is the long, curved metal stem which connects the reeds to the instrument.
Double Twice	The contrabassoon is also know as the ___ bassoon and has the same fingerings. Its tubing is ___ as long as the tubing of a bassoon.
Flute Oboe Bassoon Clarinet French Horn	List the instruments in a woodwind quintet.
Lacquered	Most brass instruments are made of brass that has been ____ to make cleaning easier.
Coiled	All brass instruments have _____ tubing so that they can be held and carried.
Cup Funnel	Brass instruments have mouthpieces with ___- or ___-shaped openings.
Lips	Sound is produced in a brass instrument by vibrating the ___.
Flared Bell Tone Project	The tube of a brass instrument widens at the end into a ___ ___, which affects the ___ of the instrument, and also helps to ___ the sound forward.
Mutes	All the brass instruments can be played with ___, devices which fit into the bell of the instrument and soften the sound.
Straight Animal	The trumpet's ancestor had straight tubing, and was made of animal horn.
B	The ___-flat trumpet is the standard orchestral model.
Piccolo	Some players also play the ___ trumpet, a smaller version of the standard trumpet.
Valve Pistons	Three fingertips of the right hand operate the ___ ___.
Hunting	The french horn's ancestor was the ___ horn.
Hands	Before valves were invented the players used their ___ to change pitches.
Hand Plastic	There are two ways to mute a french horn: with the ___ or with a ___ mute.
Left Valves	The fingers of the ___ hand press three levers that work the ___.
Tenor	The trombone which is generally used in orchestras today is the ___ trombone.
Slide	The trombone is the only instrument that changes pitch with the use of a ___.
Twice	The trombone's tubing is ___ as long as the trumpet's.
Beethoven's	Although the trombone had been in use around the 1600's, its first appearance in an actual symphony occurred in ___ Fifth Symphony.
Bass Double Woodwinds	The most frequent use of the tuba in the orchestra is as a ___ for the brass section; but it may also be used to strengthen the ___ basses or lower ___.
Right	The tuba's valves are operated by the ___ hand.
Brass Quintet	These instruments make up the ___ ___: Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba, and another Trumpet.
Lowest	The tuba produces the ___, notes of the brass instruments.
Piano Tubular Bells Glockenspiel Vibraphone Xylophone	List 5 definite pitch instruments.
Snare Drum Cymbals Base Drum Gongs Triangle	List 5 indefinite pitch instruments.
Timpani Kettledrums	The most common percussion instruments in an orchestra are the ___, which are also called ___.
Head Plastic Calf Skin	The Skin, or ___ of the timpani is made of ___ or ___ ___.
Copper	The Shell, or round bowl, is usually made of ___.
Pedal	Timpani used to be hand tuned, but now players can tune them accurately and quickly by using a ___ which controls the degree of tension in the head.
4	The standered number of timpani in an orchestra is ___.
Rotating Pedal	A roto-tom can be tuned by either ___ the drum on its stand or by pressing a ___.
Gong	A tam-tam's is a type of ___ that gives a deep, ringing sound with no definite pitch.
Bronze	The tam-tam's disc is made of ___.
25 Glockenspiel	A set of tubular bells contains up to __ tubes, whereas the orchestral ___ contains a set of up to 42 steel bars.
Mallet	The xylophone , tubular bells, glockenspiel, marimba, and chimes are all examples of ___ (or "beater") instruments.
Wood Plastic	The xylophone's keys are made of ___ or ___.
Core	Wooden xylophone keys are made from the ___ of a log.
Lower Outer	The marimba is an octave ___ than the xylophone and its keys are made from the ___, softer part of a log. The marimba is NOT a standered orchestral instrument.
Vibraphone Resonator	Xylophones and ___ have vertical tubes called ___ beneath a set of bars.
Xylophone Electronic Rotating Disc Throbbing	The vibraphone resembles the ___, but it is an ___ instrument. At the top of each resonating tube is a ___ ___ which gives the instruments its ___ sound.
Gobi desert	north of the Huang He river, east of the Irtysh river, west of the Amur river (it is not a river)
Huang He	river that is south of the Gobi desert, north of the Yangtze river, west of the Yellow sea and the sea of Japan, and east of the Tarim River
Amur river	river north of the Sea of Japan, east of the Gobi desert ( it is in the corner of the map)
Irtysh river	river that is west of the Gobi desert, north of the Tarim river,
Tarim river	river that is south of the Irtysh river, northeast (sort of) of the Indus River, north of the Ganges river
Indus river	river that is southwest (sort of ) of the Tarim river, and north west of the Ganges river
Ganges River	river south of the Tarim river, southeast (sort of ) of the Indus river, west of the Mekong river, north of the Bay of Bengal
Mekong river	river that is east of the Ganges river, northwest of the East China Sea, east of the Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal	south of the Ganges river, west of the Mekong river ( it is a sea)
South China Sea	sea south of the Yangtze river, east of the Mekong river, west of the Pacific ocean
Pacific ocean	ocean east of the South China Sea, south of the East China Sea
East China Sea	sea north of the Pacific Ocean, south of the Yellow Sea, east of the Yangtze river
Yellow Sea	sea north of the East China Sea, east of the Huang He river,west of the Sea of Japan
sea of Japan	sea east of the Yellow sea, south of the Amur river, north of the Pacific ocean (although way above it)
Yangtze River	river west of the East China Sea, south of the Huang He river, north of the Sout China Sea
Himalayas	mountain range north of the Indus (and south of it- it runs through), and north of the Ganges river
East of North Korea and South Korea	Sea of Japan
Southwest of North Korea	Yellow Sea
North of Taiwan	East China Sea
Due East of Taiwan	Pacific Ocean
East of Vietnam (also Southeast)	South China Sea
Sprouts in the Near Center of the Tibetan Plateau	Huang He River (Yellow River)
Floods directly into a Bay that is East of India	Ganges River
The Bay West of India	Bay of Bengal
Makes an Arrowhead shape that cuts into the Himalayas	Indus River
Empties out into the East China Sea	Yangtze River
Starts in the center of the Tibetan Plateau and heads South East into Thailand	Mekong River
Starts in the Western section of the Tibetan Plateau and flows down into the Takla Makan	Tarim River
Contains the Takla Makan and ends the Tibetan Plateau on the North	Gobi Desert
Ends abruptly on the Southwestern border of Mongolia	Irtysh River
Forms North Korea's Northern Border	Amur River
Huge mountain range that were created by India's continental plate colliding with Asia's continental plate	Himalayas
poeta	poet
agricola	farmer
incola	inhabitant
nauta	sailor
amica	friend
aqua	water
casa	house
cathedra	chair
cena	dinner
creta	chalk
culina	kitchen
discipula	female student
fabula	story
fama	fame
familia	family
femina	woman
filia	daughter
insula	island
luna	moon
pluma	pen
porcina	little pig
porta	door
puella	girl
pupa	doll
rana	frog
terra	earth
tunica	tunic
urna	vase
victoria	victory
villa	estate
vita	life
amicus	male friend
asinus	donkey
asparagus	asparagus
captivus	prisoner
cibus	food
coquus	cook
discipulus	male student
equus	horse
filius	son
fluvius	river
gallus	rooster
gladius	sword
hortus	garden
lacus	lake
lectus	bed
magister	male teacher
murus	wall
oceanus	ocean
papyrus	paper
populus	people
puer	boy
scirius	squirrel
servus	servant
taurus	bull
vir	man
bellum	war
donum	gift
caelum	sky
praemium	prize
albus	white
antiquus	old
barbarus	foreign
bonus	good
clarus	bright
contentus	satisfied
divisius	divided
famosus	famous
fatigatus	tired
ferus	wild
fidus	faithful
formosus	beautiful
fuscus	dark
graecus	greek
hispanus	spanish
honestus	honorable
inimicus	enemy
iratus	angry
iucundus	pleasent
iustus	just
laetus	happy
latus	wide
longus	long
magnus	big
malus	bad
maximus	biggest
meus	my
multus	many
noster	our
novus	new
paratus	ready
parvus	small
procerus	tall
publicus	public
romanus	roman
splendidus	splended
studiosus	eager
stultus	silly
stupidus	stupid
suus	his or her
timidus	timid
tranquilus	calm
tuus	your
umidus	wet
validus	strong
vester	your (not tuus)
ambulo	I walk
amo	I love
asculto	I listen
ceno	I eat
clamo	I call
cogito	I think
gusto	I taste
habito	I live
laboro	I work
lacrimo	I cry
laudo	I praise
loco	I place
narro	I relate
navigo	I sail
paro	I prepare
porto	I carry
pugno	I fight
pulso	I hit
saluto	I greet
specto	I watch
termino	I f
qmpsoalemwzpqllkdsmckewjifdkdjdkdjsjsjjsdjhdxj	Beat this on space race!! Bet you can't!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
jsweadjkfsdfjdkfjsdikuāāāāādssljfdsljifijlxfjldī	Beat this on space race!! Bet you can't!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
tujgtatsw;eirjsogfjgjfdljkjdilxjrsiap2i93el;iwaPSKd;"	Beat this on space race!! Bet you can't!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
j'doiaR4WPT5U8OIDTKFASD'RAWEROPI'Fsdkf	Beat this on space race!! Bet you can't!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
uigfiod;xlcdg.i9xdror;gtre9e]awep'dFEOpsgijerzjdsf"jkoAIWoiIJFDPZSIJ;FKVDKJLVDLKXDJDIZERTU9042I508RwaopefpFVJKSZPDFFIZDJVPFDZOVK,ZVDSOIER;IJIOFDJZKLFDFSLKDZFCMDSFKJCIZDSKLKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSJIADFOIWE;FFFFFRR D V F S H A H ! MM	Beat this on space race!! Bet you can't!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Mollusk	an invertebrate with soft, unsegmented bodie that are often protected by a hard outer shell
mantle	a thin layer of tissue that covers the internal organs and an organ called the foot. it creates the hard shellgills
gills	organs that remove oxygen from the water
gastropods	largest group of mollusks, live almost everywhere on earth, either have a shell or don't have a shell. have a radula
herbivores	plant eating animlas
carnivores	other animal eating animal
radula	a flexible ribbon of tiny teeth to obtain food
bivalves	mollusks that have two shells held toegther by hinges or strong muscles
omnivores	plant and animal eaters
cephalopods	ocean dwelling mollusks whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around the mouth
echinoderms	invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid filled tubes called a water vascular system
spiny skin	the meaning of echinoderm
bellow	(v.) to make a sound similar to that of a bull, roar; (n.) a loud, angry roar
beneficiary	(n) one who benefits from something; a person who is left money or other property in a will or the like
botch	(v.) to repair or patch poorly; make a mess of; (n.) a hopelessly bungled job
clutter	(v.) to fill or cover in a disorderly way; (n.) a state of disorder, mess
dilapidated	(adj.) falling apart or ruined, run-down
dismantle	(v.) to take apart; to strip of something
farce	(n.) a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham
futile	(adj.) not successful, failing to have any result; useless; unimportant, frivolous
grueling	(adj) very tiring, calling for an extreme effort
hospitable	(adj.) offering friendly or generous treatment to guests; open to anything new or strange
lair	(n.) the home or den of a wild animal; any hideout
lavish	(adj.) overly generous, extravagant; abundant; (v.) to spend or give freely or without limit
morbid	(adj.) in an unhealthy mental state, extremely gloomy; caused by or related to disease, unwholesome
notorious	(adj.) widely known because of bad conduct
pamper	(v.) to allow too many privileges, be too generous and easygoing toward
parasite	(n.) an organism that lives on or in another organism; one who lives off another person
shirk	(v.) to avoid or get out of doing work, neglect a duty; to sneak, slink
surplus	(n.) an amount beyond what is required, excess; (adj.) more than what is needed or expected
timidity	(n.) the state of being easily frightened
veto	(n.) the power to forbid or prevent; (v.) to prohibit, reject
typhoon	the hurricanes of the pacific ocean
mikado	emporer of Japan; honorable gate
tenno	heavenly sovereign
syllabary	a set of written characters each one representing a syllable
shogun	a military ruler of Japan
samurai	a member of a Japanese feudal warrior class
ronin	a mercenary samurai without a ruling lord
haiku	a form of poetry that compresses a complex idea or image into three unrhymed simple lines
nippon	the name the japanese called themselves
jihpen	the name the chinese called the japanese
typhoon	hurricane in the Pacific ocean
hokkaido	northernmost island of the archipelago of japan. capitol is sapporo
honshu	the largest island of Japan in the middle. capitol is Tokyo
shikoku	island that is rigth below honshu and right of kyushu
kyushu	island left of shikoku and below (sort of) honshu
yamato	family that has always been emporer
mikado	emporer of Japan; honorable gate
bronze mirror	one of the gifts given to the yamato family by the sun goddess. symbolizes: identity of Japan, cultural beauty/nobility, light of sun- wisdom, uniqueness
curved jewel	one of the gifts given to the yamato family by the sun goddess. symbolizes: symbol of nature form in beauty of Japan; prospeirity, grace; royalty
bronze sword	one of the gifts given to the yamato family by the sn goddess. symbolizes: the emporer's sovereign power; protection/safety
shinto	native religion of Japan
wa-ni	the korean scribe that influenced japanese syllabary
syllabary	a set of written characters each one representing a syllable
kyoto	present day city of heian kyo
murasaki shikibu	lady writer of "the tale of Genji"
sei shonagun	writer of "pillow book"
taira	one of the two warrior clans that came to rule the imperial family through marriage and military (starts with a T)
minamoto	one of the two warrior clans that came to rule the imperial family through marriage and military (starts with a M)
shogun	military ruler of Japan
mollusk	invertebrate with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard outer shell
gills	organs that remove oxygen from the water; have cilia on them
gastropods	the largest group of mollusks and live almost everywhere on earth. they either have a single shell or no shell at all
herbivores	plant eating animals
carnivores	meat eating animals
radula	a flexible ribbon of tiny teeth, to obtain food; univalves
bivalves	mollusks that have two shells held together by hinges and/or strong muscles
omnivores	organisms that eats both plants and animals.
cephalopods	ocean dwelling mollusks whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around the mouth
echinoderms	invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid filled tubes
arthropoda	"jointed appendage"
chitin; protien	the arthropod's exoskeleton is made of_________ and ________ ( alphabetical order)
molting	when the old exoskeleton is shed and replaced by a new one
swimmerets	the 5 appendages on the abdomen of an arthropod
cephalothorax	the head/ chest region of the spider
simple eye	eye that detects light and dark
compound eye	many lenses; detects colors and movement
open circulatory system	the type of circulatory system an insect has
spiracles	openings on the abdomen and thorax where air enters and wastes gassas go out
metamorphosis	the series of changes in body form after hatching from egg to adlt stage
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habito, -are	to live, dwell
oro, -are	to pray, beg
quaero, -ere	to ask, seek
quiesco, -ere	to rest
tollo, -ere	to lift, raise
primus, -a, -um	first (adj)
primum	first (adv)
vix	scarcely
nauta, -ae (m)	sailor
silva, -ae (f)	wood
unda, -ae (f)	wave
caelum, -i (n)	sky, heaven
periculum, -i (n)	danger
saxum, -i (n)	rock
verbum, -i (n)	word
clamor, clamoris (m)	shout
homo, hominis (c)	man, human being
litus, litoris (n)	shore
mare, maris (n)	sea
mons, montis (m)	mountain
de + abl.	down from
sub + abl.	under
monsoon	heavy seasonal wind and rain
vedas	indian poetic scriptures ( no "the")
raja	a hereditary prince or king of india
dharma	the overarching law of the universe
brahmins	the highest class in INdian society; the priest class
kshatriyas	the warrior class
vaishyas	the merchant class
sudras	the servant class
pariahs	the outcasts of society
caste structure	A strict hereditary societal structure
pantheon	a group of gods
Monsoon	Heavy seasonal wind and rain
The Vedas	Indian poetic scriptures
Raja	A hereditary prince or king of India
Dharma	The overarching law of the universe
Brahmins	The highest class in Indian society, the priest class
Kshatriyas	The warrior class
Vaishyas	The merchant class
Sudras	The servant class
Pariahs	The outcasts of society
Caste Structre	A strict hereditary societal structure
Pantheon	A group of gods
notochord	a flexible, rod like structure on the dorsal side
dorsal hollow nerve cord	tubular bundle of nerves that lies above the notochord
gill slits	paired openings in the throat behind the mouth
endoskeleton	a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage
ectotherms	animals whose body tempurature changes with the surroundings
endotherms	warm blooded; those with constant body tempuratures
fins	fan like structures used for steering, balancing, and moving
scales	hard, thin overlapping plates that protect the body
cartilage	strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
gill cover	a bony flap covering the gills
spawning	when the males swim over the eggs to fertilize them
swim bladder	an air sac that controls buoyancy (how it floats in water)
lobe finned fish	fish that are lobe liked, fleshy fins, probably anscestors of first land vertebrate
lungfish	have both gills and lungs for breathing, can live in shallow waters that dry up; bury themselves in mud
ray finned fish	haev fins made of long, thin bones covered with skin
amphibian	means "double life"
hibernation	period of inactivity and lower metabolic needs in winter
estivation	a period of reduced activity that some animals experience in the summer
amniotic egg	egg composed of shell and membranes that create a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of the water
Nucleolus	where the ribosomes are made
mitochondria	converts energy into food molecules to energy that the cell can use
endoplasmic reticulum	carries protiens and other material from one end of the cell to the other
ribosome	"factories" that produce protiens
Endocytosis	when large molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane folding itself in and creating a vesicle
exocytosis	when the large molecules are taken out by the cell membrane folding itself in
heredity	the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring
carrier	a person who has one recessive allele and one dominant allele
egg	female sex cell
homeostasis	the maintenence of stable internal conditions
stimulus	a change in the enviorment that causes an organism to react
response	an action or change in behavior caused by a stimulus
allele	a different form of a gene
incomplete dominance	the productions of a phenotpe that is intermediate to the 2 homozygous parent. you blend on Punnett Squares
Co- dominance	when 2 phenotypes are expressed at once
sperm	a male sex cell
Haploid	cell that only has one chromosome from each matched pair
Diploid	cell that has 2 of every kind of chromosome
osmosis	the diffusion of liquid through a selectively permeable membrane
zygote	the new cell that was formed during fertilization
respiration	the process of breaking down the food in cells into energy
fermentation	provides energy to the cell without oxygen
species	a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring
adaption	a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
genome	all of the DNA in a cell of an organism
sex linked gene	genes on the X and Y chromosome. passed from parent to offspring on a sex chromosome
pedigree	a chart that tracks which members of a family have a peticular trait
photosynthesis	the process which a cell captures energy and sunlight and uses it to make food
diffusion	when molecules move from an area with high concentration to an area of low concentration. it requires no energy
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid. has information about how to make a protien and has 4 base pairs and is a double helix
Genotype	the letters you put in a Punnett Square describing the alleles in the gene
Phenotype	the phisical trait that shows up from the allele combonation used for Punnett Squares
Cell wall	a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
cell membrane	controls what comes in and out of the cell
nuclear envelope	surrounds and protects the nucleus
chromatin	contains genetic material (the strings inside the nucleus)
punctuated equilibrium	rapid evolution brought about by the mutation of a few genes. new species could appear much more quickly
cell theory	1. all living things are composed of cells 2.cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism 3. all cells are produced by other cells
dominant allele	a trait that always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
recessive allele	is hidden whenever a dominant allele is present
evolution	the gradual change in a species over time
variation	any difference between individuals of the same species
Gradualism	theory that proposes evolution occurs slowly but steadily
Golgi Bodies	packages things from the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to other parts of the cell
chloroplasts	they capture energy from sunlight and use it to make food for the cell
vacuoles	storage areas of a cell
lysosomes	round structures containing chemicals that break down materials in the cell
polygenic inheritance	when the genes act together to form a trait
multiple alleles	3 or more forms of a gene that code for a trait
homologous structures	similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
Vestigial Structures	a body part that is reduced in size and doesn't seem to have a function
moss	a simple rootless plant with leaf like growths that spiral around a stalk
rhizoid	a root like filament that anchors the moss and is made up of a few long cells
wort	herb- herb of the liver
gametophyte	the stage produceing male and female cells
silica	the sand like thing that is good for using for scrubbing
frond	a leaf of a fern that grows above the ground from the underground stem
rhizome	the underground stem
sori	spore cases are produced on the backs of the fronds called _____
prothallus	heart shaped gametophyte plants
sporophyte	spore producing generation of plants
xylem	tissue made up of tubular vessels that transport water and minerals up from the roots. it is teh interior of the stem
phloem	tissue made up of tubular cells; they move food from leaves and stems to other parts of the plant for use or storage. it is the outer part of the stem
cambium	the thing that is in between the phloem and the xylem that produces new phloem and xylem cells
herbaceous	the soft and green type of stem
woody	the hard and rigid type of stem
epidermis	the thin layer of cells that covers and protects the uper and lower structures of a leaaf
stomata	small pores in the leaf surface that allow carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to enter and exit
guard cells	they surround the stomata and open and close the pores
paliside layer	rows of closely packed cells just below the epidermis. it is packed with chloroplasts
spongy layer	loosely arranged cells and lote of air spaces that can hold the vascular tissue
lower epidermis	contains most of teh stomata and guard cells
transpiration	when water evaporates from the plant's leaves
stems	the above ground parts of the plant that support the leaves and the flowers
root hairs	the things extruding from the roots that help it absorb nutreints and water
root cap	the thing at the end of the roots that helps it protect the root as it grows through the soil
fibrous roots	the type of root that foots from a dense tangled mass
taproot	the type of root that is just one long thick root
germination	when seed develops into a new plant
pollen	the sperm delivery system
seed	the reproductive part of the plant that contains the plant embryo and the stored food
cotyledons	the seed leaf on top of the plant embryo that contains the endosperm
endosperm	the stored food
vascular tissue	the tube like structures in a plant
cuticle	a waxy, waterproof layer on the leaves
cell	the basic unit of structure and function in living things
tissue	a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
organ	a group of several different tissues
adaptions	structures or behaviors that allow animals to perform the basic functions in their environments
sexual reproduction	the process by which a new organism develops from the joining of two sex cells- a mal sperm and a female egg
fertilization	the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell
asexual reproduction	reproduction without the fusion of gametes
phylum	each of the 35 main groups of animals are called a _______
vertebrates	animals with a backbone
invertebrates	animals without a backbone
bilateral symmetry	one line of symmetry that divides it into halves that are mirror images
radial symmetry	many lines of symmetry that go all through a central point
larva	an immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult
cnidarians	invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity
polyp	the vase shaped body plan of a cnidarian
medusa	the bowl shaped plan of a cnidarian
colony	a group of many individual animals
coral reef	a colony built by cnidarians
parasite	an organism that lives in or on another organism
host	the organism in or on which the parasite lives
free living organism	an organism that does not live in or on other organisms
scavengers	organisms that feed on dead or decaying organisms
anus	the waste exit at the far end of th etube of the worm
closed circulary system	where blood moves only within a cnnected network of tubes called blood vessels in worms
Mollusk	an invertebrate with soft, unsegmented bodie that are often protected by a hard outer shell
mantle	a thin layer of tissue that covers the internal organs and an organ called the foot. it creates the hard shellgills
gills	organs that remove oxygen from the water
gastropods	largest group of mollusks, live almost everywhere on earth, either have a shell or don't have a shell. have a radula
herbivores	plant eating animlas
carnivores	other animal eating animal
radula	a flexible ribbon of tiny teeth to obtain food
bivalves	mollusks that have two shells held toegther by hinges or strong muscles
omnivores	plant and animal eaters
cephalopods	ocean dwelling mollusks whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around the mouth
echinoderms	invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid filled tubes called a water vascular system
spiny skin	the meaning of echinoderm
mollusk	invertebrate with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard outer shell
gills	organs that remove oxygen from the water; have cilia on them
gastropods	the largest group of mollusks and live almost everywhere on earth. they either have a single shell or no shell at all
herbivores	plant eating animals
carnivores	meat eating animals
radula	a flexible ribbon of tiny teeth, to obtain food; univalves
bivalves	mollusks that have two shells held together by hinges and/or strong muscles
omnivores	organisms that eats both plants and animals.
cephalopods	ocean dwelling mollusks whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around the mouth
echinoderms	invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid filled tubes
arthropoda	"jointed appendage"
chitin; protien	the arthropod's exoskeleton is made of_________ and ________ ( alphabetical order)
molting	when the old exoskeleton is shed and replaced by a new one
swimmerets	the 5 appendages on the abdomen of an arthropod
cephalothorax	the head/ chest region of the spider
simple eye	eye that detects light and dark
compound eye	many lenses; detects colors and movement
open circulatory system	the type of circulatory system an insect has
spiracles	openings on the abdomen and thorax where air enters and wastes gassas go out
metamorphosis	the series of changes in body form after hatching from egg to adlt stage
preen	the process by which the bird conditions the feathers on itself to make them water repellent
contour feather	one of the large feathers that give shape to a birds body
flight feathers	specialized contour feathers found on a birds wing and tail. Help provide lift for flight
down feathers	a soft feather that covers the body of young birds and provides insulation to adult birds
crop	an internal storage tank in birds, a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food
gizzard	thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food
clutch	a number of birds hatched at the same time
mammal	endothermic vertev]brate with 4 chambered heart and use milk to feed young
incisors	Teeth between the canines that are used for cutting.
canines	Teeth in front of the premolars that rip and tear food.
molars	Teeth toward the back of the jaw used for grinding food. (no pre)
herbivore	plant-eating animal
carnivore	Meat eater
omnivore	an animal that eats both plants and animals
monotremes	Mammals that have hair and mammary glands but reproduce by laying eggs.
marsupials	animals that carry their young in pouches
placental mammmals	when embrryos develop in the uterus for gestation period
placenta	the structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing embryo
umbilical cord	the structure that connects the embryo to the placenta.
n - 3 + (n-3)(n-2)/2	The formula to find the diagonals of a shape. use n for number of sides...
base * height	Area of a parallelogram
base height half	Area of a triangle
average base * height	Area of a trapezoid.
area of base * height	Formula for volume of a prism. (Use the entire saying)
area of base * height...third!	Formula for volume of a cone and pyramid
n - 2 * 180	The sum of the interior angles. use n for the number of sides...
model over actual	The scale factor uses...
amount over original	To find the percent of change...
principle rate time	The formula for interest rate...
pi * the square of the radius	area of a circle
pi*Diameter	circumference of a circle
Alabama
Alaska
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Florida
Idaho
Kansas
Louisiana
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Mexico
North Dakota
Oklahoma
Oregon
South Dakota
Texas
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
adage	(n.) a proverb, wise saying
bonanza	(n.) a rich mass of ore in a mine; something very valuable, profitable, or rewarding; a source of wealth or prosperity; a very large amount; sudden profit or gain
churlish	(adj.) lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with or deal with; rude
citadel	(n.) a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place
collaborate	(v.) to work with, work together
decree	(n.) an order having the force of law; (v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully
discordant	(adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony, conflicting
evolve	(v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level
excerpt	(n.) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.; (v.) to take such a passage; to quote
grope	(v.) to feel about hesitantly with the hands; to search blindly and uncertainly
hover	(v.) to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around
jostle	(v.) to make or force one's way by pushing or elbowing; to bump, shove, brush against; to compete for
laggard	(n.) a person who moves slowly or falls behind; (adj.) falling behind, slow to move, act, or respond
plaudits	(n. pl.) applause; enthusiastic praise or approval
preclude	(v.) to make impossible, prevent, shut out
revert	(v.) to return, go back
rubble	(n.) broken stone or bricks; ruins
servile	(adj.) of or relating to a slave; behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant, menial; lacking spirit or independence, abjectly submissive
vigil	(n.) a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention
wrangle	(v.) to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd; (n.) a noisy quarrel
absolute location	exact location of a place on earth described by global coordinates
continent	one of the seven large landmasses on earth
Equator	imaginary line that runs around the earth halfway between the north and south poles; used as the starting poin to measure degrees of north and south latitude
isthmus	narrow stretch of land connecting two larger land areas
latitude	distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees
longitude	distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
map	drawing of the earth on a flat surface
meridian	one of many lines on the global grid running from the nortgh pole to the south pole; used to measure degrees of longitude
mesa	broad, flattopped landform with steep sides; smaller than a plateau
mountain	land with steep sides that rises sharply (above 1,000 feet or more) from surrounding land; generally larger and more rugged than a hill
mouth	place where a stream of river flows into a larger body of water
ocean	one of the four major bodies of salt water that surround the continents
parallel	one of the many lines on the gllobal grid that circle the earth north or south of the Equator; used to measure degrees of latitude
Prime Meridian	line of the global grid running from the NOrth POle to the South pole at Greenwich, England; starting point for measuring degrees of and west longitude
sound	body of water between a coastline and one or more islands off the coast
source	place where a river or stream begins, often in the highlands
strait	narrow stretch of water joining two larger bodies of water
upstream	direction opposite the flow of a river; toward the source of a river or stream
relief	changes in elevation over a given area of land
peninsula	body of land jutting into a lake or ocean, surrounded on three sides by water
divide	stretch of high land that separates river systems
downstream	direction which a stream flows from its source to its mouth
antics	(n. pl.) ridiculous and unpredictable behavior or actions
avowed	(adj., part.) declared openly and without shame, acknowledged
banter	(v.) to exchange playful remarks, tease; (n.) talk that is playful and teasing
bountiful	(adj.) giving freely, generous; plentiful, given abundantly
congested	(adj., part.) overcrowded, filled or occupied to excess
detriment	(n.) harm or loss; injury, damage; a disadvantage; a cause of harm, injury, loss, or damage
durable	(adj.) sturdy, not easily worn out or destroyed; lasting for a long time; (n. pl.) consumer goods used repeatedly over a series of years
enterprising	(adj.) energetic, willing and able to start something new; showing boldness and imagination
frugal	(adj.) economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager
gingerly	(adj., adv.) with extreme care or caution
glut	(v.) to provide more than is needed or wanted; to feed or fill to the point of overstuffing; (n.) an oversupply
incognito	(adj., adv.) in a disguised state, under an assumed name or identity; (n.) the state of being disguised; a person in disguise
invalidate	(v.) to make valueless, take away all force or effect
legendary	(adj.) described in well-known stories (legends) rather than in real life
maim	(v.) to cripple, disable, injure, mar, disfigure, mutilate
minimize	(v.) to make as small as possible, make the least of; to make smaller than before
oblique	(adj.) slanting or sloping; not straightforward or direct
veer	(v.) to change direction or course suddenly, turn aside, shift, swerve
venerate	(v.) to regard with reverence, look up to with great respect
wanton	(adj.) reckless; heartless, unjustifiable; loose in morals; (n.) a spoiled, pampered person; one with low morals
Manor Farm	Russia
Animal Farm	USSR
Animalism	Marxist Communism
Perverted Animalism	Stalinism
man	capitalists/Tsarists
pigs	Communist party leaders
lower animals	proletariat
dogs	KGB
Old Major	Karl Marx
Farmer Jones	Tsar Nicholas II
Napoleon	Josef Stalin
Snowball	Leon Trotsky
Squealer	propagandist Vyachaslav Molotov
Moses	state religion (Russian Orthodox Church)
Foxwood (Mr. Pilkington)	Britan/ America (Allies)
Pinchfield (Mr. Frederick)	Germany (Axis)
"The Barnyard Speech"	The Communist Manifesto
"Beasts of England"	"L'International' / "To the Men of England"
animal revolt (battle of the cowshed)	Soviet Revolution
Battle of the windmill	German invasion of Russia during WWII
animal executions	Stalin's Great Purge
starvation	Holodomor (Ukrainian famine)
several attempts to buils the windmill	Stalin's five year plans
final meeting with humans	Tehran Conference, where Stalin Met Roosevelt and Churchill
Rule #1	Non-zero digits are significant
Rule #2	Zeroes between non-zero digits are significant
Rule #3	Zeroes to the right of the last non-zero digit with a decimal are significant
Rule #4	Zeroes to the left of the first non-zero digit are not significant
-as	1st declension 2nd person singular
-o	all declensions 1st person singular (sometimes io)
-at	1st declension 3rd person singular
-amus	1st declension 1st person plural
-atis	1st declension 2nd person plural
-ant	1st declension 3rd person plural
-ent	2nd declension 3rd person plural
-emus	2nd declension 1st person plural
-etis	2nd declension 2nd person plural
- et	2nd declension 3rd person singular
-es	2nd declension 2nd person singular
-is	3rd declension 2nd person singular
-it	3rd declension 3rd person singular
-orum	3rd declension 1st person plural
-itis	3rd declension 2nd person plural
-unt	3rd declension 3rd person plural
-es	4th declension 2nd person singular
-et	4th declension 3rd person singular
-emus	4th declension 1st person plural
-etis	4th declension 2nd person plural
-unt	4th declension 3rd person plural
-is	3rd Istem declension 2nd person singular
-it	3rd Istem declension 3rd person singular
-imus	3rd Istem declension 1st person plural
-itis	3rd Istem declension 2nd person plural
-iunt	3rd Istem declension 3rd person plural
HDL	Compounds that remove choleserol from the blood and transport it back to the liver (High-Density Lipo-proteins)
LDL	Compounds that carry cholesterol to cells for cell processes(Low-Density lipo-proteins)
Cholesterol	A fatlike substance that is part of all animal cells and is needed for the production of some hormones and fat digestion
Fats	A class of nutrients that supply more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins
Saturated Fats	Fats that contain single bonds between carbon atoms and maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon
Unsaturated Fats	Fats that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms and have less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon
Dietary Fiber	A subclass of complex carbohydrates with a high ratio of plant material that is not absorbed by the body
Complex Carbohydrates	A subclass of carbohydrates that includes starches, dietary fiber, and glycogen
Carbohydrates	A class of nutrients containing starches, simple sugars, glycogen, and dietary fiber
Calorie	A unit of measurement for the energy.
Essential Nutriens	Six categories of substances from food that nourish the body: carbohydrate, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Dehydration	A state in which the body has lost more water than has been taken in
noun	a word used to name a person place thing or an idea
common noun	names one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas
proper noun	names a particular person, place, thing, or idea
concrete noun	names an object that can be percieved by one or more of the senses
abstract noun	names a quality, characteristic, an emotion, or an idea
collective noun	names a group
compound noun	consists of two or more words used together as a simple noun.
pronoun	a word used in place of a noun or more than one noun
antecedent	a word that the pronoun stands for
adjective	a word used to modify a noun or pronoun
articles	the most frequently used adjectives
indefinite articles	indicate that a noun refers to one of a general group (a, an)
definite article	indicates that a noun refers to someone of something in particular (the)
verb	a word that expresses action or state of being
action verb	verb that expresses physical or mental activity
transitive verb	an action verb that takes an object
intransitive verb	an action verb that does not take an object
linking verb	connects the subject with a word that identifies or describes it
verb phrase	consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb
adverb	a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another of its kind
preposition	a word that shows the relatonship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence
conjunction	a word used to join words or groups of words
correlative conjunctions	used in pairs to join words or groups of words used in the same way
coordinating conjunction	used to join words or groups of words used in the same way
subordinating conjunction	begins a subordinate clause and connects it to an independent clause
interjection	a word that expresses emotion. it has no grammatical relatoin to other words in the sentence
Rock	The school boy's primary weapon when dealing with some one older than him.
Esteban Piemintel	An alien that has infiltrated CPS and is trying to take over the Earth.
Incognito	An awesome word that means in disguise like Esteban Piemintel is really an alien incognito.
Homework	The terrible waste of time.
to be continued	........................