Flashcards: Chemistry
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Created by:
scienceninja on September 16, 2010
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Unit B - Science 9
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 melting | change of state from a solid to a liquid |
| freezing | change of state from a liquid to a solid |
| condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| evaporation | change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| sublimation | change of state from a solid to a gas |
| deposition | change of state from a gas to a solid |
| properties | characteristics that can be used to describe a substance |
| physical properties | colour, lustre, melting point, boiling point, hardness, malleability, ductility, crystal shape, solubility, density are examples of these |
| chemical properties | bawah - burn, air, water, acid and heat are all ways in which a substance can interact |
| pure substance | made up of one kind of matter |
| element | pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance |
| compound | two or more elements that have combined |
| mixture | a combination of more than one substance |
| heterogeneous | each substance in the mixture is visible |
| homogeneous | of the same kind; uniform in composition throughout, appears like one (also called a solution) |
| physical change | when a material changes state, can be reversed |
| chemical change | occurs when two or more substances react and create new substances, a change in colour, odour, light given off, formation of a gas or solid are ways to tell |
| Alkali Metals | Most reactive metals on periodic table. Very reactive to water and air. Group 1 on table. |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Group 2 on periodic table. 2nd most reactive group of metals on the table |
| Dalton | Billiard Ball Theory - All atoms were balls of different size. |
| Thompson | Raisin Bun Model - Negative charges (electronspread out through positive sphere |
| Nagaoka | Solar System Model - negative charges orbit around a positive sphere |
| Rutherford | Discovered the nucleus and that atoms are mainly empty space |
| Bohr | Electron Shell Model - electrons orbit the nucleus in shells and each shell holds a certain amount of electrons. |
| Chadwich | Discovered the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus. |
| Halogens | Group 17 on periodic table. Most reactive non-metals. Chlorine is a well known one from this group. |
| Noble Gases | Group 18 on periodic table. These elements do not react with any other element on the periodic table as their valence shell is full of electrons. |
| Group | Vertical column on the table - there are 18 of them. |
| Period | Horizontal row on the table - there are 7 of them. |
| Metals | Are all located on the left of the staircase. Properties of metals include: conduct electricity, shiny, malleable, ductile. |
| Non-Metals | Are all located on the right of the staircase. Properties include: can be solid or gas, dull and brittle. |
| Metalloids | Are a unique set located near the staircase. These elements can display properties of both metals and non-metals. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom of an element |
| Atomic Mass | Number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. |
| Mendeleev | The father of our modern day periodic table. Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass and left blanks for the undiscovered elements at the time. |
| Proton | positive charge found in nucleus of atom (p+) |
| Electron | Negative charge found orbiting nucleus of atom (e-) |
| Neutron | Neutrally charged particle found in nucleus of atom (n) |
| Number of Protons in Oxygen | 8 |
| 20 | Number of Neutrons in Calcium |
| Symbol for Neon | Ne |
| K | Potassium |
| 6.94 | Atomic Mass of Lithium |
| Ion Charges on Cu | + and 2+ |
| ionic compounds | metal + non-metal |