| Term | Definition |
|---|
| chordates | chordates with have a notochord at sometime in their lives and slits in their throat. |
| notochord | a flexible rod that supports a chordate's back |
| characteristics of Vertebrates | A vetebrate has a backbone that is part of an internal skeleton. |
| backbone | runs down the center of the back. |
| vertebrae | give spine flexibility. |
| internal skeleton | endoskeleton. gives body shape and gives muscles a place to attach. |
| ectotherms | an animal whose body does not produce much internal heat |
| endotherms | an animal whose body regulates it's own body temp. |
| Characteristics of Fish | vertebrate, endotherm, fins, scales, obtain oxygen through gills and live in water. larges group of vertabrates. |
| Obtaining Oxygen (FISH) | takes gulp of water, the water w/ oxygen moves over gills, oxygen goes to fishes blood, CO2 moves out of blood and into water. |
| Circulatory System (FISH) | closed circulatory system. two chambered heart. |
| Movement (FISH) | each fin has a thin membrane stretched across bony supports. fins help it swim. |
| Reproduction (FISH) | external fertilization- eggs fertilized outside female's body and sperm released onto them. internal- fertilized inside female's body. |
| Three major groups of fish | jawless, cartilaginous, and bony fish |
| Jawless fish | no jaws, no scales, skeletons made of cartilage (tissue more flexible than bone) include hagfish and lampreys. |
| hagfish | scavengers |
| lampreys | parasites |
| cartilaginous fish | have jaws and scales, skeletons made of cartilage. include sharks, rays, and skates. carnivores. |
| bony fish | has jaws, scales, gills, and a bone skeleton. include most farmiliar kinds of fish like trout. 95% of all fish species. |
| swim bladder | internal, gas-filled sac that helps fish stay stable at diff. depths in water. |
| Characteristics of Amphibians | ectothermic vertebrate that spends its early life in the water. adulthood on land. |
| two major groups of amphibians | salamanders and frogs & toads |
| development of Amphibians | Adult frog reproduces sexually, eggs fertilized outside female's body, swimming tadpoles hatch, hind legs develop, front legs develop tail is abrorbed. |
| tadpole | larva of a frog or toad |
| obtaining O2 (Amphibians) | most amphibians loose gills and develop lungs. Can breathe through skin. |
| Circulatory system of Amphibians | tadpoles have a two chambered heart, adults have a 3 chambered heart. |
| atria | two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood |
| ventricle | lower chamber that pumps blood to the lungs and body. |
| Obtaining food (Amphibians) | tadpoles=herbivores adults +carnivores |
| movement (amphibians) | strong skeletons and muscular limbs for moving or hopping |
| habitat | the specific environment in which it lives |
| Reptile | ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin. the skin, kidneys and eggs of reptiles are adapted to conserve water, |
| kidneys | organs that filter wastes from the blood |
| urine :) | watery fluid |
| shells | covered with membranes and a leathery shell. |
| amniotic egg | an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embrto moist |
| Obtaining food (Reptiles) | all snakes are carnivoes and most lizards are too. |
| movement (reptiles) | snakes contract bands of musclesthat are connected to ribs and backbone. |
| gators and crocs | large carnivorus reptiles that care for their young. |
| turtles | reptile covered in a protective shell, carnivoes and herbivores |
Combine with other sets
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