Athletic Injuries
About this set
Created by:
beccabeth1910 on September 17, 2010
Subjects:
care and prevention of athletic injuries
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sprain | acute injury to ligaments, joint capsules, and synovial membranes. |
| Ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| joint capsules | reinforce joints |
| synovial membranes | provide nutrients and lubrication to joints |
| strength | the maximum force that can be applied by a muscle during a single maximum contraction |
| power | the ability to generate force rapidly |
| endurance | the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance |
| ischemia | lack of blood flow |
| edema | swelling |
| ecchymosis | black and blue skin discoloration caused by a hemorrhage |
| strains | acute injury to a muscle or tendon. caused by abnormal contracting or stretching of a muscle/ tendon beyond its capacity |
| muscle soreness | with moderate to heavy activity there is structural damage to muscle tissue |
| concentric | muscle shortens with contraction |
| eccentric | muscle lengthens during contraction (negative) |
| contusion | acute injury caused by direct external force/ compression. can cause a lot of hemorrhaging/ damage |
| fractures | acute injury to a bone resulting in the discontinuation of the continuity of bone. |
| Closed fx | fx w/o bones coming thru skin |
| open fx | fx w/ bones coming thru skin |
| comminuted fx | 3 or more fragments at fx site caused by a hard blow or fall in awkward position |
| linear fx | bone splits along its length cause by jumping from a height and landing in such a way as to impart force or stress to the long axis. |
| transverse fx | straight line, more or less at right angles to the bone shaft. Force: bending |
| Impacted fx | long bone receives a force of such magnitude that the osseous tissue is compressed. Stress telescopes one part of the bone on the other. |
| oblique fx | similar to spiral fx. one end of bone receives sudden torsion while the other end is fixed or stabilized. Force: axial compression, bending, torsion |
| spiral fx | s-shaped separation. Force: twisting |
| blowout fx | happens to the wall of the eye orbit caused by a blow to the eye |
| serrated fx | two bony fragments have a saw tooth shaped edged fx line |
| depressed fx | most often in flat bones in the skull |
| contrecoup fx | happens on the side opposite to the pt. at which trauma was initiated |
| avulsion fx | a piece of bone is pulled away by the tendon or ligament |
| greenstick fx | incomplete breaks in bones that haven't completely ossified. |
| dislocation | acute injury to a joint that displaces a bone of that joint |
| luxation | complete joint dislocation |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation of an articulation |
| open wound | acute injuries that cause a disruption of the superficial and sometimes deeper layers of the skin |
| abrasion | scrapping away of superficial skin |
| avulsion | skin torn away |
| laceration | flesh is irregularly torn by object or impact |
| puncture | wound caused by penetrating object |
| blisters | shearing forces produce a raised area that contains a collection of fluid below or within the epidermis |
| tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath |
| referred pain | pain that is felt at a point of the body other than its origin |
| tendinosis | breakdown of a tendon w/o inflammation |
| stress fx | overuse injury to bone caused by microtrauma |
| osteoarthritis | degeneration of articular or hyaline cartilage |
| 6 "s" of overuse injuries | speed, structure, strength, stretch, surface, shoes |
| E.T.C | equipment, technique, and conditioning |
| myofascial trigger points | hypersensitive nodule found in muscle and/or fascia |
| fascia | 3D, uniterrupted, web like, network of connective tissue which wraps all of the muscles, bones, organs, and brain |
| capsulitis/ synovitis | chronic inflammatory condition to synovial membrane &/or joint capsule |
| bursitis | inflammation of bursa |
| nueropraxia | interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| hypoesthesia | decreased sense of feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sense of feeling |
| paresthesia | numbness, tingling, prickling |
| phagocytosis | destruction of injurious cells or particles by white blood cells |
| hypoxia | lack of an adequate amount of oxygen |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to a body part |
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