Ch 1: A first look at anatomy
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Created by:
ashleighsue32 on September 17, 2010
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anatomy | the study of body structure, 'to cut up or open' or to dissect something |
| Anatomists | examine the structure of an individual organs ans the structural relationship among parts of an orgamisms' body |
| Physiology | the study of the functions of the structures of the body |
| Deveolpment of anatomy as a field of science | Early: naming & identification Recent: function & intergration |
| Early human ancestors and anatomy | functional knowledge of comparative anatomy evolved over time |
| Angient Egypt | Mummification began 2600 BCE Basic knowledge of organ placement, removal, body presvervaion. Did not know function |
| Persian Contribution | prior to 1955 BCE: practice of surgery was common code of Hammurabi Used animal models documented in the Babylonian Tahlumd |
| Cyrus the Great | 559-530 BCE criminals used for dissetion and medical research |
| Hippocrates | 460-337BCE student of plato 'first' anatomist and 'father' of medicine attributed to disease to natural causes |
| Aristotle | 384-322BCE understanding of form dissection of comparative specimens misunderstandijng of function of the organ systems |
| Herphilis | 335-280BCE vivisectionist moventment first link of brain to intelligence |
| Galen and the humors | 130-201AD Prominent human anatomist w/ 150 known writtings held as the authority for 1300 years promoted concept for the four bodily humors |
| Humors and phelbotomy (bloodletting) | Ancient medicne through the middle ages Deals with the four naturals on earth. |
| ISlamic conqusest of Persia | Holy Qur'an: human embryogenesis. Ex: organs, hearing, eyes and brain Scholars dissected humans and animals Human anatomy as a gage of intelligence |
| Rhazes | 865-925AD applies neuranatomy, praised and rejected Galens work |
| Avicenna | 980-1037AD The canon of medicine the voice b/w Galen and Vasalius |
| Tusi | 1201-1274AD Observation of anatomical structures |
| Renaissance | 1300's-1500's Change driven by artist no the medical community |
| Andreas Vesalius | 1514-1564 Italian artist and anatomist founder of the science of anatomy provoked other anatomist against Galen nas for human cadaver dissection First to articulate skeltons for display in medical schools |
| William Harvey | 1578-1657 Challenged Galen's views Dispelled Arisotelian ideas Accurately describes the circular, directional flow of blood and the actions of the heart |
| Anton Van Leeuwehoek | duthc scientist/optical engineer invented powerful microscopes allowed for first clear views of cells and cell structures |
| Warburton Anatomy Act of 1832 | forced medical schools to restrict their nocturnal activities |
| Cell theory M.J. Schledien and Theodor Schwaan | "all living things are composed of cells" Building blocks of all plants and animals produced by division of other cells smallest unit that perform all functions maintains homeostasis as a cell homeostasis above the cell level reflects actions of multiple cells |
| William Roentgen | 1845-1923 Discovered rays that could penetrate most materials 'x' for the unknown x-rays |
| Chemical level | simplest level of organization atoms molecules: water molecules, vitiams, macromolecues (DNA) |
| Cellular Level | Cells are the smallest, autonomous unit of life organelles are stuctural, functional units of cells |
| Tissuse Level | Tissues are groups of cells with a function percise organization of similar cells that perform specialzed functions |
| The Four tissue types in the human body | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nevous |
| Epithelial tissuse | covers exposed surfaces and lines cavities |
| connective tissue | connects, supports, and protects. (solid-bone, intermediate-cartilage, liquid-blood) |
| Nervous | conducts impulsesfor communication (brain, spinal cord, periphery nerves) |
| Organs | collection of differnt tissue types that work together to perform a specific function |
| organ system | collection of related organs that work together to corrdinate activities and acheive a common function |
| organism | all organ system function interdeoendently in a single living organism |
| Anatomical postion | standardized, specific body position mecessary in providing consistent decripitions of structures in the human body upright, feet paralles, head lever and forward, arms at side with palms forward and thumbs out |
| Anterior | in front of; toward the front surface |
| posterior | in back of; toward the back of |
| dorsal | at the back side of the human body |
| ventral | at the belly side of the human bady |
| superior | towards the head or above |
| inferior | towards the feet |
| caudal | at the rear or tail end |
| cranial | at the head end |
| medial | towards the midline of the body |
| lateral | away from the midline of the body |
| deep | on the inside, underneath another surface |
| superficial | on the outside |
| abduct | away form the body (appendages) |
| adduct | towards the body (appendages) |
| proximal | closest to the point of attachment to the trunk |
| distal | furthest from the point of attachment to the trunk |
| Axial region | includes the head, neck, and trunk which comprises the main vertical axis of the body |
| appedicular region | include limbs(appendages) attached to the bodys axis |
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