ap chapter 10
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Structure of skeletal muscles (7) | 1. Endomysium 2. Fascicle - group of fibers 3. Perimysium - membrane around perimysium 4. Epimysium - connective tissue/membrane on the outside 5. Fascia - Sheet or thin band of fibrous tissue that covers muscles & some organs of the body 6. Tendon - attaches muscle to bone (dense connective tissue) 7. Aponeurosis (white line) - A fibrous or membranous sheetlike tendon. (attaching muscle to muscle) |
| Muscle actions (6) | 1. Origin - bone that doesn't move 2. Insertion - on the bone that is going to move 3. Prime mover or agonist - doing the actual function (contracting) 4. Antagonist - relax 5. Synergist - helps another muscle do its job (ex. biceps & brachilias) 6. Fixator - stabilize but loose mobility (ex. rotator cuff around hip) |
| muscle actions you can change | origin & insertion. these may be changed by you moving or not moving something in your body. |
| muscle miscellaneous | 1. muscle is an organ made up of cells, known as fiber 2. muscles must be across the joint 3. muscle is protein |
| posture | -ability to hold body upright 1. Muscles exert a continual pull on bones in the opposite direction from gravity (ex. abdominal & back) 2. Nervous system responsible for muscle tone, regulation and coordination. Ultimate control of muscles is from the brain. |
| Functions of muscles (3) & explain | 1. Movement - only is attached to bone 2. Heat production - muscle contractions produce heat (ATP). tone=constant state of contraction 3. Posture (ability to hold body upright) |
| Characteristics of muscle tissue (3) | 1. Contractility - bring up 2. Extensibility - to put back where it was contractility & extensibility are opposites 3. Excitability (irritability) - able to be stimulated by nerves. If no nerve actions, muscles won't move & atrophy will happen (muscles shrink & then gone) |
| origin | point of attachment that doesn't move when the muscle contracts |
| insertion | point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts |
| prime mover | directly perfoms a specific movement. |
| antagonist | are muscles that when contracting, directly oppose prime movers. they are relaxed while the prime mover is contracting to produce movement. |
| synergist | muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover. they facilitate or complement prime movers |
| fixator | function as joint stabilizers. |
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