Ch. 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
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Created by:
AustenFan201 on September 18, 2010
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hydrocarbon | "An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen" |
| isomer | "One of several compounds with the amse molecular formula but different structrues and therefore different properties. The three types of ... are structural ..., geometric ..., and enantiomers" |
| structural isomer | "One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms" |
| geometric isomer | "One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent arrangements but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds" |
| enantiomer | "One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other" |
| functional group | "A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions" |
| hydroxyl group | "A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols" |
| carbonyl group | "A chemical goup present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom" |
| carboxyl group | "A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group" |
| amino group | "A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+" |
| sulfhydryl group | "A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom" |
| phosphate group | "A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer" |
| methyl group | "A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The... may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom" |
| adenosine triphosphate | "an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups"; used to make energy |
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